PANCREAS OF MAMMALIA. 499 



in diameter subcompressed, rounded or polygonal in shape ; 

 which escape by rupture of the follicle. These cells slightly in- 

 crease and become filled by opaque granules, fig. 385, resembling 

 the granular contents of the free secretion, which granules appear 

 to be liberated by the solution and disappearance of the cell-wall. 



The spaces containing both follicles and cells are circumscribed 

 by productions of a basilemma defining the ultimate lobules or 

 ' acini' of the pancreas : in one of these, fig. 386, may be seen a 

 group of follicles containing two results of formifaction, called 

 ( stages of selective or epithelial cells.' l 



The following are among the later and more exact analyses of 

 the pancreatic secretion from a carnivorous and a herbivorous 

 species of mammal : — 



Pancreatic juice of dog (Schmidt). 2 

 Water "... 

 Solid residue 



Organic matter . 

 Inorganic . 



Frerichs' ( water-extract ' and Schmidt's f organic matter' signify 

 a substance resembling albumen and casein, but not identical 

 with ptyalin. The pancreatic secretion differs from the salivary 

 in containing more than double the amount of solid residuum, in 

 which albumen and casein are abundant ; while they exist in very 

 small quantity in saliva. Saliva is neutral, or contains a little 

 alkaline carbonate : the pancreatic secretion contains a little free 

 acid. Saliva contains sulpho-cyanide of potassium ; in the pan- 

 creatic fluid there is none. 



This fluid completes the process of converting amylaceous 



1 In using the terms ' cell ' and ' nucleate cell ' I would not be understood as imply- 

 ing that such are progeny of previous cells, owing their origin to a genetic process 

 inherited from ' one primordial form into which life was first breathed (ccxm". 

 p. 484).' The cell is one of the forms in which proteine matter in solution may be 

 aggregated, with limitation of size and definition of shape; such forms differing from 

 crystals in being rounded instead of angular, as shown in the instructive experiments 

 of Kainey (ccix". p. 9.) Accordingly, to express this act, I use, instead of 'crys- 

 tallise,' the word ' formify,' for crystallisation ' formifaction,' for crystallising ' formi- 

 fying ' : such terms imply, simply, the fact of the assumption of the forms called 

 ' granule,' ' corpuscle,' monad,' 'globule,' ' disc,' ' cell,' 'nucleus,' 'nucleate cell,' &c. 

 ' Formified particles ' cling, like crystals, to the free surface of the cavity containing 

 Ihe solution, and are then termed ' epithelial cells' : such surface seems favourable to 

 the initiation of the formifying process : but a large proportion of the results of such 

 process is manifested in the free state, like the fine crystals that follow concussion of 

 water cooled gradually and quietly below the freezing point. 

 2 clxii". 3 clxiii". 



K K 2 



