FEMALE ORGANS OF ARTIODACTYLA. 697 



longitudinal lamellar processes, with their free margins converging 

 to the centre of the canal. Above these the inner membrane of 

 the uterus sends off several thicker processes similarly arranged. 

 The ' os tinea? ' is a large transversely oval prominence, having 

 the orifice of the uterus in the centre, and marked by numerous 

 fine rugae, which radiate from this orifice. The vulva or ' peak ' 

 in the Giraffe resembles that of the Deer, and the other horned 

 Ruminants, in coming to a point below, within which is the clitoris. 

 From the vulva to the orifice of the urethra, the passage is five 

 inches long in the Giraffe: the proper vagina is lined with a 

 smooth and polished membrane, which is disposed in numerous 

 fine and small longitudinal ruga?. 



In the Bison (Bison Americanus) the ovaria are smaller than in 

 the Giraffe, and the peritoneal sacculi, or capsules, are deeper, 

 and have a more contracted aperture ; they are situated wholly 

 external to the ovary, with their apertures turned toward those 

 bodies. The fimbriated pavilion is extended along the external 

 border of the opening of the ovarian sac. The smooth caruncles 

 of the uterus are softer, thicker, and more obtuse than in the Gi- 

 raffe, and are less regularly disposed. Series of longitudinal laminae 

 are disposed on transverse folds in the cervix uteri ; the upper- 

 most are narrower and longer ; other series of shorter, broader, 

 and thicker folds intervene between them and the plicated os 

 tiucae. The longitudinal folds of the vagina are also more de- 

 veloped than in the Giraffe. 



In the Rein-deer (Cervus Tarandus), the ovaria are small, 

 simple, smooth, ovate bodies, with the larger end attached to the 

 fimbriated aperture of the oviduct ; this is situated external to 

 the ovary, between which and the rest of the oviduct the peri- 

 toneum is developed into a wide but shallow sac. The oviduct, 

 after a few slight folds at its commencement, is continued straight 

 to the uterus. The cornua are unconnected with each other for 

 the first half of their extent : the first of the cotyledonal pro- 

 cesses commences near the orifice of the oviduct, is in the 

 form of a compressed elongated fold of the lining membrane, and 

 extends in the direction of the cornu, with its lower extremity 

 projecting free for the extent of half an inch ; the succeeding 

 caruncle, which begins where the other ends, is also elongated 

 and flattened, but is shorter and broader; the third is much 

 shorter, but thicker and broader ; the fourth, which is at the 

 commencement of the common uterus, is the smallest. The 

 caruncles of three other rows have similar proportions. In the 

 cervix uteri the lining membrane is produced into numerous 



