MOTION AND LOCOMOTION. 155 



muscles chiefly employed are those of the lower limbs and 

 trunk. This is in part true of rowing, which when good is 

 performed much more by the legs than the arms: especially 

 since the introduction of sliding seats. Hence any of these 

 exercises alone is apt to leave the muscles of the chest and 

 arms imperfectly exercised. Indeed, no one exercise employs 

 equally or proportionately all the muscles: therefore gym- 

 nasia in which various feats of agility are practised, so as to 

 call different parts into play, have very great utility. It 

 should be borne in mind, however, that the legs especially 

 need strength; while the upper limbs, in which delicacy of 

 movement, as a rule, is more desirable than power, do not re- 

 quire so much exercise; and the fact that gymnastic exercises 

 are commonly carried on indoors is a great drawback to their 

 value. When the weather permits, out-of-door exercise is far 

 better than that carried on in even the best ventilated and 

 lighted gymnasium. For those who are so fortunate as to 

 possess a garden there is no better exercise, at suitable sea- 

 sons, than an hour's daily digging in it; since this calls into 

 play nearly all the muscles of the Body; while of games, the 

 modern one of lawn tennis is perhaps the best from a hygienic 

 view that has ever been invented, since it not only demands 

 great muscular agility in every part of tne Body, but trains 

 the hand to work with the eye in a way that walking, run- 

 ning, rowing, and similar pursuits do not. For the same 

 reasons baseball, cricket, and boxing are excellent. 



Exercise in Infancy and Childhood. Young children 

 have not only to strengthen their muscles by exercise, but 

 also to learn to use them. Watch an infant trying to con- 

 vey something to its mouth, and you will see how little 

 control it has over its muscles. On the other hand, the 

 healthy infant is never at rest when awake; it constantly 

 throws its limbs around, grasps at all objects within its 

 reach, coils itself about, and so gradually learns to exercise its 

 powers. It is a good plan to leave every healthy child more 

 than a few months old several times daily on a large bed, or 

 even on a rug or carpeted floor, with as little covering as is 

 safe, and that as loose as possible, and let it wriggle about as it 

 pleases. In this way it will not only enjoy itself thoroughly, 

 but gain strength and a knowledge of how to use its limbs. 

 To keep a healthy child swathed all day in tight and heavy 

 clothes is cruelty. 



