TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



PAGE 



II. Mucous MEMBRANES : Variety and structure their functions . . 495 



Pathological states of the mucous membranes Atrophy Inflammatory 



exudations upon Ulceration ..... 495 



III. SEROUS MEMBRANES : Structure are closed sacs functions . .496 



IV. FALSE MEMBRANES : Usually confounded with coagulated exudations 



Are organized exudations, with vessels Prone to involution New 

 membranes ........ 497 



CHAPTER XII. 



THE VASCULAR SYSTEM. 



I. THE HEART : The pericardium Muscular fibres of the heart Endocar- 

 dium Valves Vessels . . . . . .498 



II. THE BLOODVESSELS : A. The arteries ; 1. External coat ; 2. Middle coat ; 

 3. Inner coat Vasa vasorum Nerves of the vessels. B. The ca- 

 pillaries Walls of simple membrane merely Capillary plexus 

 " Vasa serosa" do not exist, c. The veins Structure of smallest 

 veins Do. of medium size Do. of largest Veins presenting pe- 

 culiarity of structure Their valves .... 500 



III. LYMPHATIC VESSELS AND G-LANDS : Capillary lymphatics the largest do. 



Thoracic duct Their vessels and valves .... 509 



Structure of lymphatic glands Degeneration of the latter . . 510 



Functions of the vascular system . . . . .511 



Development of the heart, arteries, and veins Do. of capillaries . 511 

 Pathological conditions and new formations of vessels Atheroma in 

 arteries Aneurism Varicose veins Fatty degeneration of capil- 

 laries . . . . ^ . , ' .513 



New formations of vessels ^ , . f . . . , 513 



CHAPTER XIII. 



STRUCTURE OP ALIMENTARY CANAL AND ITS APPENDAGES SUBDIVISIONS OF ALIMENTARY 



CANAL. 



A. ALIMENTARY CANAL. 



1. Oral cavity. Its mucous membrane ; corium of the latter ; papillae 

 of do . ; papillae of the tongue, filiform, fungiform, and circumval- 

 late ; their uses . . . . . . *' . 514 



Pathological appearances of the tongue . . . . ^ ; 518 



Glands of the oral cavity ; 1. Mucous ; 2. Simple follicular ; 3. Com- 

 pound follicular . . . . . . .519 



Salivary glands ........ 521 



II. Pharynx. Its mucous membrane ; its glands ; bloodvessels, lymphatics, 



and nerves ........ 522 



III. (Esophagus. Its structure ...... 522 



IV. Structure of the stomach; gastric glands ; peptic cells ; bloodvessels of 

 stomach ; lymphatics, and nerves . . . . .523 



V. Structure of the small intestine. 



Jejunum Ileum The villi ; size and structure ; the lacteals ; function 



