AS THE BIOLOGIST SEES IT 



In the times of the glaciers, animals of the 

 colder regions as the mammoth, aurochs 

 and the like occurred all over Europe 

 even to its present southern boundaries, 

 while in the warmer interglacial times 

 animals characteristic of lower latitudes, 

 even considerably lower than those of 

 present southern Europe, replaced them. 

 It is to this interesting age of alternating 

 cold and warm periods that all the known 

 actual older human fossils so far found 

 in Europe, with the exception of the 

 probably older Heidelberg jaw, already 

 mentioned, are assigned. 



We have not time even to catalogue 

 these relics of Pleistocene man, let alone 

 refer to them in any detail. All that we 

 can do, and indeed all that for our 

 present purpose we need to do, is to say 

 that skulls and teeth and arm and leg 

 bones and other skeletal parts, sometimes 

 very fragmentary, sometimes gratifyingly 

 intact, together with simple stone and 

 bone weapons and tools and primitive 

 carvings and drawings on cavern walls, 

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