AS THE BIOLOGIST SEES IT 



tions, such as desire, hope and confidence 

 leading to belief, and doubt and de- 

 pression, leading to despondency, which 

 are apparently a product of our more 

 intellectual life. But that is to say that 

 they differ from the fundamental emo- 

 tions common to other animals as well 

 as ourselves only because of our more 

 elaborate and superior nervous develop- 

 ment. These derived emotions are among 

 the particularly distinguishing attributes 

 of human life as compared with animal 

 life and play a great part in all of our 

 everyday living. We see more of them, 

 are impressed more by them and think 

 more about them, under ordinary cir- 

 cumstances, than we do of the more 

 fundamental emotions, but how quickly 

 and powerfully the fundamental emotions 

 dominate us under circumstances which 

 strip off for the moment our veneer of 

 social inheritance and so-called peculiarly 

 human qualities. The war revealed this 

 vividly, although it also revealed how 

 some individuals had arrived at a stage 

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