MIND. 35 



and of brain are coequal ; and that, as long as the brain is en- 

 dowed with life, and remains uninjured, it, like all other organs, 

 can perform its functions, and mind continues; but, as in all 



presence of certain determinate cerebral parts, and not upon the whole mass of 

 brain. It follows, that the number of the faculties is in direct proportion to 

 the integrant parts of the brain. In insects, fish, and amphibia, the nervous mass 

 contained in the cerebral reservoir, is still divided into several distinct masses. 

 The greater part of these are not integrant parts of the brain, properly so called ; 

 they are ganglia, from which arise the nerves of smell, hearing, sight, &c. The 

 two hemispheres, properly so called, are placed behind the 'two ganglia of 

 the olfactory nerves, and are the more complicated as the industrial instincts 

 are more numerous; the cerebellum in these animals generally forms a hollow 

 pouch, sometimes placed horizontally, sometimes folded together. 



" In birds, the two hemispheres are already more considerable, although distinct 

 convolutions cannot be discerned. The cerebellum still consists merely of its 

 middle or fundamental part; but already appears composed of many rings placed 

 side by side. 



" In the small mammalia, the shrew-mouse, mouse, rat, squirrel, weasel, &c. 

 convolutions are not yet discoverable. But as they are already distinctly found 

 in other larger rodentia, the beaver, kangaroo, &c., we may suppose that they 

 equally exist in them. 



" In the larger mammalia, the cat, polecat, marten, fox, dog, ape, the 

 convolutions are more distinct and numerous, but their form varies according to 

 the species. 



" In the dolphin, elephant, and man, they are more numerous and deep than in 

 the beaver, kangaroo, cat, &c., and their form and direction vary completely ac- 

 cording to the species. 



" In all the mammalia, the cerebellum possesses, besides the middle or funda- 

 mental part, two lateral parts, which are more or less complicated, according to 

 the species ; and as the soi-disant pons varolii, or the soi-disant cerebral ganglia, 

 i. e. the transverse layers of nervous bands, are only the commissure or junction 

 of the lateral parts of the cerebellum, they are found in all the mammalia, and in 

 none of the ovipara. 



" The number of the integral parts, or of the convolutions of the brain, varies 

 equally in the different species of mammalia; in some, the anterior lobes of the 

 hemispheres are larger or more elevated ; in others, again, the inferior parts of the 

 anterior lobes are nearly wanting. The middle lobes, and the other convolutions, 

 present similar varieties. 



" In this way, the integrant parts of the brain augment in number and develope- 

 ment, as we pass from a less perfec to a more perfect animal, till we arrive at 

 the brain of man, who, in the anterior-superior, and in the superior region of the 

 frontal bone, possesses several parts of which other animals are deprived, and by- 

 means of which he is endowed with the most eminent qualities and faculties, 

 with reason, and the feeling of religion and the existence of God." Gall, 



