90 THE PANCREATIC JUICE. 



The pancreatic juice, at least in the sheep, according to them, 

 has twice as much solid contents as the saliva, and conversely a 

 large quantity of albumen and fatty matter with a small quantity 

 of salivary matter and mucus ; is neutral, or has only a little 

 alkaline carbonate, and no sulpho-cyanic acid. 



The pancreas exists in all the mammalia, birds, reptiles, and fishes. 



Brunner, about 150 years ago, removed almost the whole pancreas from 

 dogs, and tied and cut away portions of the duct ; and they lived apparently as 

 well as before. From one he was not contented with removing the spleen at one 

 time and the pancreas at another, after which the poor animal pancratice valebat; 

 but, to render it celebrated for experiments, he on a third occasion laid bare the 

 intestines and wounded them for an inch and a half, sewed up the wound, made 

 a suture in the abdominal parietes so badly that the intestines were found hanging 

 out on the ground one morning, purple and cold, and then allowed the animal to 

 lick the wound into healing. He also performed the operation for aneurysm in 

 the artery of its hind leg, and paracentesis of its chest, injecting a quantity of 

 milk into the pleura and pumping it out again. This even was not enough for 

 the gentle Brunner ; he gave the dog such a dose of opium, when it had re- 

 covered from the operation on the spleen, that it was seized with tetanus. But 

 this also it got the better of, and lived upwards of three pleasant months with its 

 master, " gratus mihi fuit hospes," after all these indulgences, and was at last 

 lost in a crowd; stolen, no doubt, because " Celebris ab experimentornm multi- 

 tudinem, vivum philosophise experimental is exemplum, et splene mutilus, 

 variis cicatricibus notabilis." Brunner offered any money for it again, but to no 

 purpose, (p. 6. 13.) 



