272 PERSPIRATION. 



Dr. Gordon k and Mr. Lawrence 1 assert that they have never 

 been able to detach any thing from the cutis of Europeans in 

 the form of a distinct membrane; but the rete Malpighianum 

 does exist in negroes, and the latter gentleman allows that the 

 various complexions of Europeans and the peculiar cream white 

 of the Albino, who has unquestionably no colouring matter in his 

 eyes or skin, show that the substance exists even in us. Indeed, 

 M. Gaultier considers that it has actually four layers: 1. An in- 

 ternal, composed of blood vessels; 2. One above this, of a white 

 colour ; 3. Another, composed of minute granules, which are 

 brown in negroes and white in Europeans ; and, 4. An external, 

 also white, like the second. Some say that the black matter, as 

 seen in negroes, when washed out, leaves a membrane and sub- 

 sides to the bottom of the water, as a powder, and that it resembles 

 the pigmentum of the eye and the matter of melanosis. 



" Our colour resides in it. In all persons the corium is white, 

 and, in almost all, the cuticle white and semipellucid, though in 

 Ethiopians it inclines to grey. But the mucous reticulum varies 

 after birth, with age, mode of life, and especially with difference 

 of climate. 



" Thus among the five varieties into which I would divide the 

 human race, in the first, which may be termed Caucasian, and em- 

 braces Europeans (except the Laplanders and the rest of the 

 Finnish race), the western Asiatics, and the northern Africans, it 

 is more or less white. 



" In the second or Mongolian, including the rest of the Asiatics 

 (except the Malays of the peninsula beyond the Ganges), the Fin- 

 nish races of the north of Europe, as the Laplanders, &c. and the 

 tribes of Esquimaux widely diffused over the most northern parts 

 of America, it is yellow or resembling box-wood. 



" In the third or Ethiopian, to which the remainder of the 

 Africans m belong, it is of a tawny or jet black. 



species, to the reticulum ; as Lieutaud, Essais 4natomiques, p. 103. edition 

 1766. 



Cruikshank, 1. c. pp. 43. 99. 



But especially G. A. Gualtier, Recherches Anatonuques sur le Systeme cutand 

 de rffomme. Paris, 1811. 4 to." 



k System of Anatomy, vol. i. p. 242. 



1 RKES'S Cyclopaedia, art. Integuments. 



m " Jo. Nic. Pechlin, De Habitu et Colore JEthiopum, qui vulgo et Nigrita;. 

 Kilon. 1677. 8vo. 



Camper's oration on the same subject will be found in his Kleiner Schriften, 

 vol. i. P. i. pp. 24^49." 



