THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. 351 



developed) than the others. Thus, the greatest sculptors, painters, 

 designers, have sometimes not the least disposition to music ; the 

 greatest poets little talent for mathematics. 



" 3. When a single quality or faculty is active, whilst the 

 others are paralysed (and only the corresponding organ deve- 

 loped). Thus, persons imbecile in every other respect, are often 

 violently impelled by physical love, or have a great talent for 

 imitation, &c. 



" 4. When, all the other qualities and faculties being active 

 (and all the other organs sufficiently developed), one single quality 

 or faculty is inactive (and one single organ not developed). Thus, 

 certain individuals cannot comprehend that two and two make 

 four ; others detest music, or women. 



" 5. When, in mental diseases, one quality or faculty only suf- 

 fers, or one only is entire. Thus, one insane person is mad only 

 in regard to religion, to pride, &c.; another, although mad in 

 every respect, still gives lessons in music with great intelligence. 



" 6. When the same quality or faculty is quite differently ma- 

 nifested in the two sexes of the same species of animal (and the 

 organ is differently developed in the two). Thus, the love of off- 

 spring (with its organ) is more developed in the females of most 

 animals : thus, among singing birds, the male only sings (and has 

 the organ well developed). 



" 7. Lastly, when the same quality or faculty (and the same 

 organ) always exists in one species and is deficient in another. 

 Thus, many species of birds, the dog, the horse, &c., have no in- 

 clination (nor organ) for construction, though this is so strikingly 

 manifested in other kinds of birds, in the squirrel, in the beaver. 

 Thus, certain kinds of animals are predaceous, migrate, sing, take 

 care of their young, while other kinds are frugivorous, lead sta- 

 tionary lives, do not sing, abandon their offspring." f 



f 1. c. t. iii. p. 213. sqq. See also 4to. vol. iii. p. 81. These were Gall's own 

 philosophic principles, resulting from a view of his discoveries, and employed by 

 him to test farther discoveries. Yet Dr. Spurzheim details them with no im- 

 portant difference as his own, and says, " I have no hesitation to maintain that, in 

 pointing out the social or fundamental powers of the mind, my proceeding is 

 philosophical, founded on principles, c. ;" whereas " Gall did not determine 

 any of the organs in conformity with these views." (Phrenology vol. i. p. 137. 

 American edition.) Gall began, of necessity, empirically; but these were the 

 general principles which he laid down after his discoveries and published in the 

 volumes which bear his name only. " I renounced all reasoning, and gave 



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