352 MENTAL FUNCTIONS OF 



Perception, memory, judgment, &c., are modes of action of 

 these distinct faculties. " As often as there exists a fundamental 

 faculty, a particular and determinate intellectual power, there 

 necessarily exists likewise a perceptive faculty for objects related 

 to this faculty. As often as this faculty is active upon the objects 

 of its sphere, there is attention. As often as the idea or traces 

 which the impressions of objects have left in the brain are re- 

 newed, either by the presence or in the absence of these same 

 objects, there is remembrance, reminiscence, passive memory. 

 If this same renewal of received impressions takes place by an 

 act of reflection, by a voluntary act of the organs, there is active 

 memory. As often as an organ or a fundamental faculty compares 

 and judges the relations of analogous and dissimilar ideas, there 

 is comparison, there is judgment. A series of comparisons and 

 judgments constitutes reasoning. As often as an organ or a funda- 

 mental power creates, by its own inherent energy, without the 

 concurrence of the external world, objects relative to its func- 

 tions ; as often as the organ discovers, by its own activity, the 

 laws of the objects related to it in the external world, there is 

 imagination^ invention, genius. 



"Whether, now, we consider perception, attention, memory, 

 reminiscence, recollection, comparison, judgment, reasoning, 

 imagination, invention, genius, either as gradations of different 

 degrees of the same faculty, or as peculiar modes of being of 

 this faculty, it still remains certain that all the fundamental 

 faculties which have been demonstrated are endowed, or may be 

 endowed, with perception, attention, memory, recollection, judg- 

 ment, imagination ; and that, consequently, it is they which ought 

 to be considered intellectual and fundamental faculties, and that 

 the pretended mental faculties of my predecessors are only com- 

 mon attributes. Here, then, is a perfectly new philosophy of 

 the intellectual faculties, founded upon the details of the natural 

 history of the different modifications of human intellect. The same 

 may be said of the appetitive faculties, or rather qualities."? 



myself up entirely to observation. In this way I discovered twenty-seven quali- 

 ties or faculties essentially distinct, which must all be reduced to fundamental 

 qualities or faculties. It was only after this discovery that I was enabled to 

 point out the characteristic conditions of the fundamental qualities 01 faculties." 

 (4to. vol. iii. p. 81.) Then follow the seven characteristics. 



B 1. c. 4to. vol. iv. p. 327. sqq., 8vo. t. vi. p. 405. sqq., t. iii. p. 131. sqq. 



