354 MENTAL FUNCTIONS OF 



philosophers : hence the vacillation and uncertainty of our insti- 

 tutions, especially of those which relate to education and criminal 

 legislation." 1 



Gall does not pretend to have discovered the ultimate nature 

 of all the fundamental faculties which he has pointed out. The 

 poet's faculty, for example, he regards as distinct and fundamental, 

 because it has the conditions of a fundamental faculty above 

 enumerated ; but what are the ordinary functions of that part of 

 the brain, which, when greatly developed, produces the poet, he 

 dares not determine. 15 " I have made it," says he, < an invariable 

 rule to advance nothing which I could not strictly prove, or at 

 least render very probable by very strong arguments : for this 

 reason, in regard to the qualities and faculties, the existence of 

 which I maintain, I have always confined myself to the degree of 

 activity in which I could discover them and observe their mani- 

 festation. I know it would have been more philosophical always 

 to refer to their fundamental forces the qualities or faculties 

 which I could detect in only their highest action : but I preferred 

 leaving something for those who came after me to do, rather 

 than give them an opportunity to disprove what I had prematurely 

 advanced." 1 



' 1. c. Svo. t. i. p. 49. sq. See also 4to. vol. iv. p. 318. sqq., and 8vo. t. vi. 

 p. 392. sqq. 



k 1. c. 4to. vol. iv. p. 181., 8vo. t. v. p. 243. 



1 1. c. 4to. vol. iv. p. 275. sq., Svo. t. v. p. 407. Gall was of opinion that 

 there is a faculty for judging of time, and another of order. (1. c. 4to. vol. iv. 

 p. 61. sq., 138. sq., Svo. t. iv. p. 466. sq., t. v. p. 153. sqq.) He held, that there 

 must be a faculty which determin.es the desire of a particular habitation (1. c. 

 4to. vol. iii. p. 314. Svo. t. iv. p. 280.), and might be one which gives pleasure in 

 wonders ; but, like the faculties of time and order, he " was always of opinion 

 that they should not be received into the list till the situation of their organs was 

 proved by a sufficiently large number of exact observations." (1. c. 4to. vol. iii. 

 p. xxiv. sq.) Dr. Spurzheim and phrenologists in general admit all four. Dr. 

 Spurzheim splits Gall's sense of Things into two : one for objects, and one for 

 occurrences. Gall conceives there is a cerebral organ for the desire f taking food 

 (1. c. Svo. t. iv. p. 63.); and Dr. Hoppe of Copenhagen is generally thought 

 to have established it. (Phrenolog. Journ. Edin. Nos. 5. and 7.) Dr. S. assigns 

 its establishment to a person who never uttered a word to us upon the subject 

 till, many months after Dr. Hoppe's first paper was published and six weeks after 

 the second paper had been read in the Edinburgh Society, he surprised us all in 

 the London Phrenological Society by reading a paper upon the point. Gall 

 originally fancied that there was a faculty of the love of life, and that he had dis- 

 covered its organ ; but he afterwards thought he had been mistaken. Cranologie, 



