THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. 357 



It, however, derives its great proofs from the fact of the in- 

 dividual faculties being, caeteris paribus, strong in proportion 

 to the development of particular parts of the brain, as we shall 

 presently see. 



Every faculty was given us for a good purpose, and it is only 

 when one or more are excessive, or defective, or too much or too 

 little excited by external circumstances, or by disease, that error 

 occurs. The lower faculties given to brutes as well as to our- 

 selves are evidently to yield to those which are of a superior 

 nature and peculiar, or given in a higher degree and with peculiar 

 modifications, to man. Happiness is " our being's end and aim." 

 Not individual, partial, temporary happiness, however intense ; 

 but the greatest and longest happiness of the greatest number. 

 Sound morality in individuals and nations, and in what, through 

 elective representation should be, at least virtually, identical with a 

 nation, government, tends to this. No act is virtuous that does 

 not lead to the greatest happiness of the individual and of the 

 greatest number of individuals: nor does any act lead to the 

 greatest happiness of the individual and of the greatest number, 

 that is not virtuous. The whole set of faculties, each allowed 

 to act, but the inferior in subordination to the superior, lead to 

 virtue ; and this to happiness. * All the faculties," says Gall, 

 " are good, and necessary to human nature such as it should be 

 according to the laws of the Creator. But I am convinced that 

 too energetic an activity of certain faculties produces vicious in- 

 clinations causes the primitive destination of propagation to 

 degenerate into libertinism, the sentiment of property into an 

 inclination for theft, circumspection into irresolution and a tend- 

 ency to suicide, self-love into insolence, disobedience, &c." 

 To employ all our faculties so as to produce the largest amount 

 of individual and general happiness, therefore, is the law of our 

 nature ; and, like all the laws of nature, is intended to be obeyed. 

 When we attempt to act contrarily to any law of nature, evil 

 arises either to ourselves immediately or ultimately, to others 



sidered a distinct and fundamental faculty, some writers taught that there were 

 three sorts of memory ; one for facts (memoria realis), one for words (memoria 

 verbalis), and one for places (memoria localis). See Gall, 1. c. 4to. vol. iv. 

 p. 14. sq., 8vo. t. iv. p. 380. Some, that there are four; a memory for words, 

 another for places, a third for time, and another for cause and effect, or causality. 

 See Gall, 1. c. 4to. vol. ii. p. 357. sq., 8vo. t. ii. p. 353. 

 1. c. 4to. vol. iii. p. xxxi. 



B B 4- 



