374- MENTAL FUNCTIONS OF 



these particulars, are uttered and printed every day, even by those 

 who assume the character of scientific men. Inquirers, however, 

 must not expect always to find the converse of the statement 

 verified, to find strength of development always attended by 

 strength of certain parts of the mind ; nor deficiency of the mani- 

 festations of certain parts of the mind always attended by deficient 

 development. Because the development of the head may arise 

 from other causes than brain, or the quality of the brain may not 

 be healthy ; and, on the other hand, deficiency of the manifest- 

 ations of a part of the mind may arise from mere want of excite- 

 ment, or from disease. The head may be large, generally or 

 locally, from fluid, morbid growth of bone, &c. ; or the brain, 

 though the cause of the size, may be of bad quality from original 

 fault of structure, from subsequent disease, or from old age. But 

 the existence of disease is generally known, and old age must be 

 evident. Again, defective manifestations of a part of the mind 

 from mere want of excitement rarely occurs except in regard to 

 the intellectual powers ; for external circumstances almost always 

 exist around sufficient for the play of the feelings. Thus, although 

 any phrenologist may always without fear assert positively of the 

 head from constant positive exhibitions of the mind, and always 

 fearlessly assert negatively of the mind from negative exhibitions 

 of the head ; he would not assert respecting the mind from 

 positive exhibitions of the head, nor respecting the head from 

 negative exhibitions of the mind, without certain provisions, viz. 

 that the size of the head depends upon healthy brain, and the 

 deficiency of mind arises from no want of excitement, or from 

 disease. Yet, in the far greater number of instances, the de- 

 velopment of the head agrees with the mind. In the greater 

 number of those in which it does not, the probability of the want 

 of agreement is evident ; and in the rest, the phrenologist cannot 

 be wrong, because he will never assert from positive develop- 

 ment of the head, nor from negative manifestation of the mind. 

 Even in unsoundness of mind, the character generally agrees 

 with the development ; the parts of the mind that may remain 

 sound, generally manifest themselves according to the develop- 

 ment of the head ; and those faculties which are diseased, are 

 usually excited in proportion to the development of the cor- 

 responding parts of the head. d 



d Let the antiphrenologist get over the diagnosis of Gall in his visit to some 

 Prussian prisons (1. c. 4to. vol. iv. p. 369. sqq., 8vo. t. vi. p. 476. sqq.), and of 



