THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. 379 



If Gall's is the only satisfactory account of the mental facul- 

 ties, and to me it certainly appears so, this alone is a proof of 



lities or faculties, and general attributes of these qualities and faculties. In this 

 division, the fruits of the labours of my predecessors are preserved, and, while 

 we avail ourselves of them, we establish the true theory of the primitive and fun- 

 damental instincts, qualities, and faculties of man and brutes." (1. c. 4to. t. iv. 

 p. 344. sq., 8vo. vol. vi. p. 433. sq.) 



Dr. Spurzheim, in his fondness for changing his names, his arrangement, and 

 his numbering of the organs, introduced confusion without advancing knowledge. 

 To prove his speculative spirit, I may mention that, instead of giving the origin 

 of any of his asserted discoveries, as Gall did, and adding a host of examples, 

 he tells us, in regard to the organ of inhabitiveness, only that a gentleman much 

 attached to his house had a particular spot of his head hotter than any other ; and 

 in regard to the organs of hope, marvellousness, conscientiousness, size, weight, 

 order, time, he neither tells how he discovered them, nor adduces a single proof. 

 Gall was too much of a philosopher to wish others to examine a mere assertion. 



But, in regard to all the organs discovered by Gall, except that of colour, 

 Dr. S. gives the circumstances which led to the discovery, and a certain number 

 of individual facts ; though but a very small number of those related by Gall. 

 " He has changed the names," says Gall, " but treated the organs according to 

 my principles ; yet in so hasty and feeble a manner, that this part of my doctrine 

 would be deplorable, if it were not established on a better foundation." (I. c. 4to. 

 vol. iii. Preface ; a part which every body should read, for its exposure and de- 

 molition of Dr. S.'s unjust and weak attempts.) His own alleged discoveries may 

 be real ; but the remarkable circumstance I have mentioned tends to create a 

 suspicion that he reasoned himself into a belief of certain faculties, and gave 

 them localities according to their nature ; having learnt from Gall where " per- 

 ceptive " and where " reflective faculties," where " sentiments " and where " pro- 

 pensities," to use his own language, reside. Localisation, after Gall's discoveries, 

 was easy, especially as Gall had not mapped out the whole head, but left blanks 

 where he possessed no facts. 



He changed even the situation and extent of organs in his last plate. The space 

 allotted by him to marvellousness was originally between wit, imitation, hope, 

 and ideality ; now it is more than twice its former size, and placed between 

 these four and veneration. Covetiveness was placed by Gall, and admitted by 

 Dr. Spurzheim, before cunning and under ideality ; now it is over cunning, 

 and between ideality and cautiousness. Ideality in his first edition was chiefly 

 above covetiveness and before circumspection ; now it is above constructive- 

 ness, and a large organ stands between it and covetiveness. Yet he declares, 

 Jthat, " though marked busts or plates may be numbered differently, the places of 

 the respective organs, once considered as established, have never been altered." 

 (Phr. Amer. ed. vol. i. p. 136.) If he is right as to the new situation of 

 the organ of covetiveness, all the observations which led Gall to its discovery, 

 and originally convinced Dr. S., fall to the ground. Dr. S., in the Notes 

 (p. 62.), says, " that he has been occupied for three years with showing the 

 regularity of the cerebral portions, and with specifying the individual organs 



