380 MENTAL FUNCTIONS OF 



the truth of his organology. For such an account could not have 

 resulted from imagination ; and observation, unaided by reference 



and their boundaries ;" " an additional discovery, of which Dr. Gall died in 

 ignorance." Yet Gall, in both his works, refers to the individual convo- 

 lutions which he regards as the organs of the individual faculties. Dr. S, , in 

 these (Notes p. 63.), then says, "that it was he himself who directed phrenologists 

 to attend to the individual regions of the head, in reference to the three lobes of 

 the brain, and to the three regions of the animal propensities, the human senti- 

 ments (among which he puts some not exclusively human), and intellectual 

 faculties (but he admits the five senses among these), rather than to the protuber- 

 ances and depressions, to which Dr. Gall attached himself almost exclusively." 

 Now Gall over and over again speaks of the development of regions (1. c. 4to. 

 vol. iii. p. 85., 8vo. t. iii. p. 221. sqq. ; 4to. voL ii. p. 400. sq., 8vo. t. ii. 

 p. 423. sqq. ; 4to. vol. iv. p. 13. sq., 8vo. t. iv. p. 378. ; 4to. vol. iv. p. 161. sq., 

 8vo. t. v. p. 191. sqq.), and expressly advises that the size of the whole head should 

 be first observed ; then that of the frontal, occipital, lateral, and sincipital regions ; 

 and lastly the subdivisions of these regions ; and " it will be soon found," says he, 

 " that the best developed organs do not form any of the bumps of the antiphre- 

 nological buffoons, nor prominences like an egg or your fist." (1. c. 8vo. t. iii. 

 p. 221. sqq.) 



Dr. S. also say s'_ (Notes, p. 63.), that " Gall mostly confined himself to the com- 

 parison of talents, character, and certain modes of acting, with individual cerebral 

 portions ;" and I have heard it often asserted that we owe to Dr. S. only our 

 knowledge of the mutual influence of organs. But Gall insisted strongly upon 

 this, though he left the endless working out of the self-evident effects of the 

 varied proportions of organs to us all. (1. c. 4to. vol. iii. p. 192., 8vo. t. iv. 

 p. 243. ; 4to. vol. iii. p. 298. sq., 8vo. t. iv. p. 253. sq. ; 4to. vol. iv. 

 p. 256. sq., 8vo. t. v. p. 374. sq., 8vo. t. ii. p. 318. sq.) So, in regard to mania, 

 the substance of all that Dr. S. has written upon it may be found in Gall. 

 (1. c. 4to. vol. ii. iii. iv., 8vo. t. i. p. 37O. sq., and t. i. ii. iii. iv. v. passim.) 



He illustrated and applied Gall's philosophy on the subject of morals, educa- 

 tion, &c. ; but, when he is satisfactory, I see nothing more than is to be found, 

 expressed far more concisely, powerfully, and elegantly in the writings of Gall. 



The merit of Dr. Spurzheim was that of an able and persevering pupil of Gall. 

 It is possible that, having worked under Gall's direction so long, after he left his 

 great master he discovered a mechanical anatomical point or two though I know 

 not that he did. It is possible that he discovered the organs of three faculties, 

 which Gall believed to exist time, and order, and conscientiousness. He had, 

 however, only to look for the spaces left vacant by Gall among the organs of the 

 perceptive faculties to locate time and order ; and he no doubt remembered, 

 as all Gall's acquaintance do, that Gall always said that the organ of time 

 would be found close to that of tune, and had actually left a space there. 

 It is possible, that he established a few more faculties and their organs 

 weight, size, and hope. But I am not yet certain of the two former. Hope 

 I do not believe to be a primitive faculty. I believe, with Gall, that every 



