THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. 387 



and moral character, sexual, national, and individual, and cranial 

 form and size, and in tracing the resemblance of children to their 



published his six 8vo volumes, one by one, afterwards, never condescended to 

 notice it, satisfied that his own writings rendered any specific refutation super- 

 fluous, and always convinced that such matters right themselves with posterity. 

 He spoke of all his own discoveries, as I mentioned in the last page, without 

 feeling it necessary to allude to Dr. Spurzheim's absurd claims. I always felt 

 certain that Dr. S. was an unhappy man, though I could not tell why before I 

 studied the works of Gall and had the unspeakable happiness and advantage 

 of knowing him personally. Every sentence in Gall's works is his own ; and 

 every thing in Dr. S.'s writings, which is also in Gall's, belongs to Gall. 



I mention all this from my veneration for Dr. Gall, and my anxiety to see 

 justice done him. Very few in this country have studied Gall. I am not ac- 

 quainted with six persons whose native tongue is English, even among writers 

 and lecturers on phrenology, who have riot learned phrenology second-hand 

 from Dr. S., or third-hand from Mr. Combe's writings, since these are in 

 English, and comparatively short, while Gall's are in French, and of great extent. 

 That the injustice done to Gall is such as to demand the pains I have taken, is 

 proved by the custom among phrenological writers in the English language of 

 speaking of the system of Gall and SpurzJieim, of the founders of phrenology (for 

 instance, Ed. Phr. Journ. No. iv. p. 628., No. v. p. 98. 110., No. vi. p. 186.) and 

 the habit of such writers of quoting from Dr. S.'s works, passages which were 

 written by Gall and are taken from his works. (Mr. Combe, Phrenology,^. 100., 

 also p. 3. 5. and 44. ) Nay, many of Dr. S.'s friends used always to declare that 

 Gall had not given the philosophy of phrenology, but merely collected facts. 

 At a public dinner given to Dr. S., Mr. Combe unintentionally disparaged 

 Gall by declaring that Dr. Spurzheim had infused philosophy and system into the 

 facts brought to light by observation. * Oh ! shade of Gall ! Had Mr. Combe 

 studied every line of Gall's two works again and again, and hung over them at 

 midnight as I have, and conversed with Gall as I did again and again, I am 

 sure he is so conscientious that he would not have written thus ! that all the 



* Edinburgh Phrenological Journal, vol. v. He then called Dr. Spurzheim Gall's 

 " rival in genius." In his Phrenology (p. 53.), he says that Dr. S. formed "the 

 truths brought to light by their joint observations, into a beautiful and interesting 

 system of mental philosophy." Gall's works are said, in the Journal, No. vi. 

 p. 188., to be "more like a collection of unconnected facts ;" while Dr. S. has given 

 them " more the character of a science " " by a more systematic and philosophic ar- 

 rangement." Mr. Carmichael's feelings towards his friend Dr. Spurzheim do him 

 credit, but have rendered him, like Dr. S.'s other friend, Mr. Chenevix, guilty of 

 great misstatement and great injustice towards Gall, in his Memoir of the Life and 

 Philosophy of Spurzheim. Dublin, 18S3. See p. 4. sqq. 9. sq. 51. He says 

 that Gall examined the brain "according to the old school and with mere me- 

 chanical views " till Dr. S. joined him ! ! 



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