THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. 40? 



propensities and powers, we know how much various circum- 

 stances influence the development of faculties and the strength 



answered Tiedemann, in 1. c. 8vo. t. iv. p. 42.) 36. sq. 165. 212. 219, 220., 

 vol. ii. p. 247.) He is unjust towards Dr. A. Combe and Mr. W. Scott, in vol. ii. 

 p. 165. 196. sq. He stands at an immeasurable distance below Gall in intellect : 

 and, though I believe him to have collected far more facts and contributed far 

 more to the solidity of the science than Dr. Spurzheim, his intellectual powers 

 have not Dr. S.'s strength. Nothing can be weaker than some of his remarks 

 on vitativeness (vol. ii. p. 160. sqq.), concentrativeness (vol. ii. p. 212. sqq. 

 also compared with p. 407.), and on alimentativeness (p. 173. sq.), on material- 

 ism (vol. i. p. 32. sq. compare with p. 223. and vol. ii. p. 50.), and on mar- 

 vellousness (vol. ii. p. 427. sqq.). There are instances of bad taste, incorrect 

 information, and carelessness, which vex me in so important a work. He agrees 

 with Dr. S., in considering Gall's sense of persons as a sense of form, and yet 

 all his facts and reasoning relate to persons. He adopts all the faculties alleged 

 to be discovered by Dr. S. and others, and even adds three of his own the 

 sense of distance, of beauty in the arts, and the disposition of flocks or swarms 

 to arrange themselves in regular figures. His remarks against Dr. S.'s views 

 on acquisitiveness, secretiveness, cautiousness, eventuality, mirthfulness, and 

 ideality, to use Dr. S.'s terms, are really good, and such as I have always 

 made. He, in several instances, is just towards Gall, where others have 

 been unjust. (See vol. ii. p. 393. 459.) And, although he rectifies Gall's lo- 

 calisation of most of the organs in brutes, and this with rude remarks, he 

 once does him ample justice. (Vol.ii. p. 262.) " If Gall has not treated the 

 phrenology of brutes as he might have done, he will always have the merit of 

 having put his successors in the right road. This celebrated man, in developing 

 his philosophical ideas by the aid of comparative anatomy and physiology, has 

 left an immense distance between himself and Spurzheim, and all phrenologists 

 who have not, like the latter, followed in his path. Time, which gives every man 

 his proper place, while it will show us the imperfections of his works, will in- 

 evitably do justice to the extent of his views." He makes a few rectifications 

 of the situations of organs in man ; but his merit is that of having given to 

 phrenology an immense mass of additional proofs from brutes, and observed and 

 communicated his facts with, as it would appear, the minutest accuracy. No one 

 can pretend to a perfect knowledge of comparative anatomy and physiology, 

 without a knowledge of his labours, arid to impress their importance upon my 

 readers, I shall quote a long passage. 



" In animals of the lower classes, to begin with fish and reptiles, the number 

 of cerebral faculties is small ; their acts generally of short duration : all have a 

 spinal chord. In the apparatus of the senses they have, externally, a multitude 

 of shades of form and structure calculated to facilitate their actions. The 

 most prominent cerebral faculties are conservation, alimentation, and reproduc- 

 tion. If there are any perceptive faculties, they are, except in some species, 

 very limited. 



" What a difference, in this respect, between them and birds ! How must 



