INJURIES OF 



to remove one cerebral organ entirely and alone. Other parts of 

 the encephalon, &c., are almost certain to be injured 6 : and, if 



e " Where is the anatomist or physiologist who precisely knows all the origins, 

 the whole extent, all the ramifications, all the connections of an organ? You 

 remove the cerebellum, at the same moment you severely injure the medulla 

 oblongata and spinalis, you injure the tuber annulare, you injure the tubercula 

 quadrigemina ; consequently, your results relate not merely to all these parts, but 

 to all those which communicate with them, either directly or indirectly. You 

 think you have insulated the tubercles, but these tubercles have connections with 

 the corpora olivaria, the medulla oblongata, the cerebellum, the sense of vision, 

 and many convolutions; the thalami, optici, the corpora striata, are connected 

 below with the crura cerebri, the tuber annulare, the medulla oblongata, the 

 pyramids, and the spinal marrow ; above, with all the cerebral membrane, all 

 the convolutions, the non-fibrous, grey, substance of their surface, with the dif- 

 ferent commissures, as the anterior commissure, the great commissure or corpus 

 callosum j with the fornix, the septum lucidum. Thus there does not exist a 

 cerebral part which we do not know to have numerous connections with other 

 parts. I do not except even the corpora mammilaria, the pineal gland, the in- 

 fundibulum, &c. The connections yet unknown are unquestionably still more 

 numerous." (Gall, 1. c. p. 240. sqq.) Sir C. Bell has lately imitated Gall in ob- 

 jecting to vivisections as a means of discovery.* Gall's nature was most tender. 

 He had a horror of inflicting pain upon poor brutes, and would allow Dr. Ma- 

 gendie to be little more than a canicide. He always kept birds and dogs in his 

 house at Paris ; and I have seen him kiss his horses on alighting from his carriage 

 at his country house, and then stand to receive the caresses of several immense 

 bloodhounds which put their fore legs upon his shoulders. (See his glowing 

 remarks on cruelty to brutes, 1. c. 4to. vol. iv. p. 196., 8vo. t. v. p. 259. sq.) 



* Phr. Trans. 1834. No doubt in complete ignorance of Gall's writings, be- 

 cause he says that " not one of the great divisions of the brain has yet been dis- 

 tinguished by its function," and alludes evidently to Gall's physiological disco- 

 veries as the " weakest fancies that ever obscured any science." He had said before 

 that Gall's strictly inductive method " is the most extravagant departure from all 

 the legitimate modes of reasoning ;" that Gall, without comprehending the grand 

 divisions of the nervous system, without a notion of the distinct properties of in- 

 dividual nerves, or having made any distinction of the columns of the spinal mar- 

 row, without having ascertained the difference of cerebrum and cerebellum, &c. 

 ( Ph. Tr. 1 823. ) Sir C. Bell must be in total ignorance of Gall's works, more espe- 

 cially as he adopts some of Gall's facts without mentioning his name. His folly 

 as been exposed by Dr. Spurzheim (Appendix to the Anatomy of the Brain. 

 1830. p. 23. sqq.) It is delightful to find that, even in 1823, Sir C. Bell was 

 harassed by the popularity of Gall's discoveries and the difficulty of keeping 

 his pupils from being converts to phrenology. (Nervous System) p. 122.) We 

 phrenologists, however, must console ourselves with reflecting that his ignorance 

 is not confined to Gall's labours, as he disfigures the Philosophical Transactions 

 (1834, p. 471.) by speaking of " a minute spicula." 



