426 INJURIES OF 



Hence the contradictory and strange observations and infer- 

 ences of most experimenters on the brain of living brutes. 1 The 



" The tuber annulare is not only composed of the nervous bundles of the two 

 hemispheres of the cerebellum, or of the commissure of the cerebellum, but is 

 also a continuation of several bundles of the medulla oblongata and spinalis, of 

 the anterior and posterior, or inferior and superior, pyramids, and contains a 

 considerable quantity of non-fibrous substance interposed between the transverse 

 and longitudinal bundles, and giving rise to fresh filaments for the crura cerebri, 

 the tubercles," &c. (Gall, 1. c. 8vo. t. vi. p. 243. sq.) 



k " You cannot insulate even the nerves of sensation before they are com- 

 plete. The origin of the nerves of taste is confused with the masses of the 

 origin of many other nerves ; the auditory is confused with the nervous and 

 non-fibrous masses of the fourth ventricle ; the optic nerves at first with all the 

 mass of the tubercles, with the corpora geniculata and their attachments, with 

 the crura cerebri, with the grey layer situated immediately behind their junction. 

 The olfactory nerves are at first intimately connected with the grey substance 

 placed upon the interior and inferior convolutions of the middle lobes, with the 

 anterior cerebral cavities," &c. (1. c. 8vo. t. vi. p. 245.) 



1 Fontana says that, after removing the brain of a turtle and entirely empty- 

 ing the cranium, the animal lived six months, and walked as before. M. Rolando 

 attempted the experiment repeatedly, but the animal always died as soon as a 

 cut was made behind the cerebellum. 



M. Rolando says that he "made innumerable experiments upon goats, lambs, 

 pigs, deer, dogs, cats, and guinea-pigs, to ascertain the results of lesion of the 

 tubercles, and parts near the optic thalami, but rarely obtained the same results." 

 M. Rolando says that lesion of the thalam optici causes convulsions; M. 

 Fleurens denies it. (Gall, 1. c. t. vi. p. 191.) M. Rolando found an unsteadi- 

 ness like that of intoxication follow the removal of two thirds of the lobes of 

 the cerebrum from a chicken. M. Fleurens declares that he must have wounded 

 the cerebellum. M. Fleurens protests that the results of the experiments of M. 

 Rolando are contradictory to each other (p. 215.): and, after finding a chicken 

 walk, fly, and swallow, shake its wings, and clean them with its beak, subsequently 

 to losing the hemispheres of its brain, infers that these are the residence of the 

 understanding and feelings, and that the cerebellum is destined to balance, to regu- 

 late motion ; yet birds, after losing these parts, pecked and clawed their enemies, 

 and perched, (p. 266.) M. Rolando considers muscular action to depend upon 

 the cerebellum ; yet Dr. Magendie found animals perform regular motions after 

 losing it. 



In the Report of the Physiology of the Nervous System, read at the British As- 

 sociation in 1833, in which Gall's name is not once mentioned, the compiler, 

 after saying, " But there does appear sufficient evidence to prove that those 

 volitions, which have motion for an effect, whatever be their origin, whether in 

 the cerebrum, cerebellum, or medulla oblongata, require for their accomplishment 

 the co-operation of the cerebellum," declares further on, that " a duck, whose cere- 



