GANGLIA. 451 



bers which they have r.bove these of motion. The ganglionic 

 nerves establish a communication between all parts without par- 

 ticular reference to the encephalo-spinal mass, and therefore do 

 not originate in it : they would seem to require origin in pulpy 

 substance somewhere, and therefore I should have imagined 

 priori that masses of pulpy substance would exist here and there 

 for the origin arid reinforcement of the nerves of general organic 

 communication. Of course the ganglia must contain fibrous 

 matter also ; and, while they may serve for origin, or r einforce- 

 ment, they appear to serve for mingling the filaments which 

 enter and leave them. It is also possible that the ganglia are 

 analogous to the encephalon and spinal chord, that they act 

 like certain portions of the encephalon and spinal chord in this, 

 that, as soon as an impression is conveyed to them from one part, 

 they may send forth an influence ; just as, in the case of the ence- 

 phalo-spinal mass, a sensation is felt and a muscular action may 

 ensue. 



We see encephalo-spinal nerves run to these ganglia, and 

 some run in great abundance to parts not voluntary. They appa- 

 rently mingle in ganglia with all the other filaments in the gan- 

 glia, as much as these do together ; but they are not imagined to 

 convey life, or the power of nutrition, secretion, &c. Why then 

 should the others ? They appear, like those which do not run to 

 the ganglia, to convey impressions of sensation to the brain and of 

 emotion or will from it : as well as such mutual influence as 

 exists among all parts. Both the posterior and anterior root of 

 the spinal nerves run to the ganglia of the sympathetic, as Scarpa 

 showed above fifty years ago 6 , and Sommerring f , whose remarks 

 are now confirmed by Panizza. 2 



When sensibility is constantly wanted, as in the case of the 

 lungs and stomach, and of the pelvic intestinal and urinary organs, 

 a large supply of encephalic or spinal nerves is seen, and is given 

 directly, without the intervention of ganglia: the pneumono-gas- 

 tric nerves, besides forming abundant communications with gan- 

 glionic nerves, run directly to the lungs and stomach, and certain 

 sacral nerves to the rectum and pelvic urinary organs. The 

 evident purpose of the encephalo-spinal nerves which run to 

 ganglia being to convey impressions in both directions, I shall not 



e Anat. Annot. lib. 1. xi. p. 18. 

 f De c. h.fabrica,) t. iv. clviii. 

 8 Recerche Sperimentale, Pavia, 1834. &e. 

 H H 3 



