SLEEP-WAKING. 641 



perceiving the difference. At another time, having asked for 

 wine, he drank water which was given to him ; and sniffed ground 

 coffee after asking for snuff. m 



The state of taste and smell was here inquired into, and found 

 inactive : touch and the sense of weight and resistance were active; 

 sight inactive ; and the actions were habitual. 



Dr. Francesco Soave relates the case of Castelli, the pupil of 

 an Italian apothecary. The youth was found asleep one night, 

 translating Italian into French, and looking out the words in 

 a dictionary. They put out his candle, when he, finding him- 

 self in the dark, began to grope for it, and went to light it at 

 the kitchen fire, though other candles were alight in the room 

 At other times he had gone down to the shop and weighed out 

 medicines, and talked to supposed customers. " When any one 

 conversed with him on a subject on which his mind was bent, 

 he gave rational answers. He had been reading Macquer's 

 Chemistry, and somebody altered his marks. This puzzled him ; 

 and he said, * Bel piacere di togliermi i segni.' He found his 

 place and read aloud, but his voice growing fainter, his master 

 told him to raise it, which he did. Yet he perceived none of the 

 persons standing round him ; and though he heard," says Dr. 

 Soave, " any conversation which was in conformity with the 

 train of his ideas, he heard nothing of the discourse which 

 these persons held on other subjects. His eyes seemed to be 

 very sensible to objects relating to his thoughts, but appeared to 

 have no life in them ; and so fixed were they, that, when he read, 

 he was observed not to move his eyes but (like M. Roggenbach, 

 p. 631. supra) his whole head from one side of the page to the 

 other." n 



Here was most decided sight, though the existence of it 

 was so partial, and his mind could attend in so limited a way 

 that the presence of other candles was not noticed, and he went 

 to the kitchen for a light : hearing was active ; of course the 

 sense of weight and resistance, and touch. Volition over the muscles 

 was rather weak, as his voice grew fainter while he read, and he 

 did not exert the muscles of his eyes, but moved his 'whole head. 



Still more, however, has been done in sleep-waking. 



m Muratori, 1. c. 



n Riflessioni sopra il Somnambolismo : di Francesco Soave. 



u u 2 



