240 



THE LIVER. 



but after death becomes acid, owing to the formation of sarcolactic 

 acid. 



Its percentage-analysis is as follows (von Bibra) : 



Gelatin 3.37 



Extractives 2.40 



Fats . 2.50 



Water 



Insoluble tissues . . . 

 Proteids ...... 



Inorganic constituents 



76.17 

 9.44 

 2.40 

 1.10 



Proteids. These are a globulin (cell-globulin) coagulating at 

 45 to 50 C. ; another globulin, coagulating at 70 C. ; a nucleo- 

 proteid coagulating at about 60 C., which, when injected into 

 the blood-vessels, causes coagulation of the blood ; and an albumin. 



Gastric sur- 

 face. 

 Tuber papilla re. 



Tuber omentale. 



\ Non-peritoneal 



\ \ surface. 



X^ - -\ Imp. supra-ren. 



- ^ ; -HT i i nnTi-norit^ 



-^ 



(non-perit). 



r- ~- ip Imp. supra-ren. 

 5T~"T" Impressio renalis. 



-?-j~ Imp. duodenalis. 

 Impressio celica. 





Impressio pylorica. 

 FIG. 134. Posterior and inferior surfaces of the liver. 



Extractives. These are urea, uric acid, xanthin, hypoxan- 

 thin, and jecorin. This last constituent contains phosphorus, 

 and has the following formula : C 105 H 186 N 5 SP 3 O 45 . It resembles 

 lecithin, but, unlike that substance, reduces Fehling's solution. It 

 is not confined to the liver, but is also found in the spleen, muscle, 

 and brain. The liver also contains a nuclein, with which iron is 

 in combination, called Zaleski's hepatin and also Schmiedeberg's fer- 

 ratin. Iron is present in the. liver of young animals in greater 

 proportion than in. old ones, and it is stated that animals are born 

 with iron in both liver and spleen. This iron meets the demand 

 of the body until the use of milk is given up, this fluid being poor 

 in iron. 



Structure. The liver is made up of five lobes, which are 

 composed of lobules each having a diameter of about 1 mm., and 

 these in turn contain hepatic cells, polyhedral in shape, the secret- 

 ing elements of the liver, each having a diameter of about ^ 

 mm., and containing a nucleus. The protoplasm contains glycogen 

 and iron-containing pigment-granules, and may also contain fat. 

 Nerve-fibers are described by some histologists as terminating 

 between the cells, but not passing into their interior. The lobules 

 are separated by connective tissue, which is abundant in the pig, 

 but much less so in man. 



