354 



RESPIRATION. 



THE LARYNX. 



This organ (Figs. 192, 193) is situated at the upper part of the 

 neck, behind and below the base of the tongue. It is composed of 

 nine cartilages, which are connected by ligaments. 



Cartilages. These are the thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid (two), 

 cornicula laryngis (two), cuneiform (two), and epiglottis. 



The thyroid is the largest of all the laryngeal cartilages, and 

 the angle of its two alee forms the prominence in the front of the 

 throat, Adam's apple or pomum Adami. 



FIG. 192. Articulations and liga- 

 ments of the larynx, anterior view : 

 A, hyoid bone, with a its greater, 

 and a' its lesser cornua ; 1-5, liga- 

 ments ; 6, lateral cricothyroid artic- 

 ulation ; 7, junction of cricoid and 

 trachea (Testut). 



FIG. 193. Articulations and ligaments 

 of the larynx, posterior view : A, hyoid ; 

 B, thyroid, with 6 and b' its cornua ; C, cri- 

 coid ; D, arytenoids ; E, cartilages of San- 

 torini ; F, epiglottis ; G, trachea ; 1-6, liga- 

 ments; 2, opening for superior laryngeal 

 artery; 7, junction of trachea and cricoid 

 (Testut). 



The cricoid is ring-shaped. The arytenoids articulate with the 

 cricoid cartilage, while to the summit of these are attached the 

 cornicula laryngis or cartilages of Santorini. 



The cuneiform cartilages or cartilages of Wrisberg are two 

 small bodies, one in each fold of the mucous membrane extending 

 from the apex of the arytenoid to the epiglottis, the aryteno-epi- 

 glottic fold. 



The epiglottis is behind the tongue, in front of the opening of 

 the larynx. Its position is vertical during respiration, but during 



