402 VOICE AND SPEECH. 



pair. Again, as the vocal bands increase in length in this register 

 their tension is apparently decreased. The capitula Santorini, 

 which in the photograph representing the lowest note in the 

 middle register are seen to be close together and occupy a position 

 well backward in the laryngeal image, become more and more 

 separated and are tilted more and more forward in the ascent of 

 the scale. 



" Now the voice mounts one note higher that is, to E, treble 

 clef, fourth space and as it does so a distinct change in the qual- 

 ity of the voice is heard, and the second change in the mechan- 

 ism of the vocal bands occurs. The changes which take place in 

 the larynx at the upper break in the voice of this singer are shown 

 in Fig. 225. The first of the pair represents the larynx while sing- 

 ing D, treble clef, fourth line, the note immediately preceding the 



No. 1. No. 2. 



FIG. 225. PAIR 5. 



break, and the second shows the change which occurred while 

 singing E, the next note above. A very decided change in the 

 mechanism of the vocal bands is apparent. These ligaments have 

 grown shorter and narrower, and the chink, which in the note 

 before the break can be seen to be linear in shape and quite wide, 

 after the break becomes considerably reduced in both length and 

 width. Not only is the cartilaginous portion of the glottis closed 

 in the note after the break, but also a small portion of the liga- 

 mentous glottis adjoining it. The chink appears to be closed 

 to the same extent in front as it was while producing the note 

 immediately preceding. There is, therefore, stop-closure in front 

 and behind, which leaves a slit in the middle of the glottis 

 measuring a little more than half the length of the vocal bands. 

 In addition to these changes it may be observed that the epiglottis 

 is depressed and the arytenoid cartilages have again receded. As 



