118 



FRUIT. 



[SECTION 14. 



ries, blackberries, the Magnolia fruit, etc. Moreover, the ripened product 

 of many flowers may be compacted or grown together so as to form a single 

 compound fruit. 



347. Its kinds have therefore to be distinguished. Also various names 

 of common use in descriptive botany have to be mentioned and defined. 



348. In respect to composition, accordingly, fruits may be classified 

 into 



Simple, those which result from the ripening of a single pistil, and con- 

 sist only of the matured ovary, either by itself, as in a cherry, or with 

 calyx-tube completely incorporated with it, as in a gooseberry or cranberry. 

 Aggregate, when a cluster of carpels of the same flower are crowded into 

 a mass ; as in raspberries and blackberries. 



Accessory or Anthocarpous, when the surroundings or supports of the 

 pistil make up a part of the mass ; as does 

 the loose calyx changed into a fleshy and 

 berry-like envelope of our Wintergreen 

 (Gaultheria, Fig. 366, 367) and Buffalo- 

 berry, which are otherwise simple fruits. 

 In an aggregate fruit such as the straw- 

 berry the great mass is receptacle (Fig. 

 360, 368) ; and in the blackberry (Fig. 369) the juicy receptacle forms the 

 central part of the savory mass. 



Multiple or Collective, when formed from several flowers consolidated 

 into one mass, of which the common 

 receptacle or axis of inflorescence, 

 the floral envelopes, and even the 

 bracts, etc., make a part. A mul- 

 berry (Fig. 408, which superficially 

 much resembles a 

 blackberry) is of this 

 multiple sort. A pine- 

 apple is another ex- 

 ample. 



349. In respect to 

 texture or consist- 

 ence, fruit* may be 

 distinguished into three kinds, viz. : 



Fleshy Fruits, those which are more or less soft and juicy throughout ; 



FIG. 366. Forming fruit (capsule) of Gaultheria, with calyx thickening around 

 its base. 367. Section of same mature, the berry -like calyx nearly enclosing the 

 capsule. 



FIG. 368. Section of a part of a strawberry. Compare with Fig. 360. 



FIG. 369. Similar section of part of a blackberry. 370. One of its component 

 simple fruits (drupe) in section, showing the pulp, stone, and contained seed, mort 

 enlarged. Compare with Fig. 375. 



