MAGNOLIA FAMILY. 47 



- *- Leaves crowded in an umbrella-like cluster ; leaf-buds smooth. 



M. Umbrella, Lam. UMBRELLA TREE (also called M. TRIPETALA). 

 Wild in S. Perm, and southward. A low tree, with the leaves smooth 

 and green both sides, obovate-lanceolate, pointed at both ends, l-2 

 long, surrounding a large white flower, in spring ; the petals 4'-5' long, 

 obovate-lanceolate and acute, narrowed at the base; the ovate-oblong 

 cone of fruit showy in autumn, rose-red, 4'-5' long. 



M. Fraseri, Walt. EAR-LEAVED UMBRELLA TREE (also called M. 

 AURIC L-LATA). Wild from Virginia S., hardy as the last, and like it; 

 but a taller tree, with the leaves seldom 1 long and auricled on each 

 side at the base, the white obovate-spatulate petals more narrowed below 

 into a claw ; cone of fruit smaller. 



* * Chinese and Japanese species ; flowers appearing before the obovate 

 leaves. 



M. consplcua, Salisb. YULAN. A small tree, with very large white 

 flowers ; petals 6-9, obovate ; leaves pointed, downy when young. Half- 

 hardy in N. States. 



M. SOULANGEANA is probably a hybrid of this with M. obovata, more 

 hardy, and the petals tinged with purple. 



M. NORBEBTIA.NA, a like hybrid, has darker flowers and slenderer 

 habit. 



M. 8PEci6sA, probably of like parentage, blooms a week later than M. 

 Soulangeana, and has more durable, somewhat smaller and lighter colored 

 flowers: 



M. LENNEI, offshoot of M. obovata or hybrid with it, has very showy 

 flowers, purple outside and pearl-colored within. 



M. obovata, Thunb. (or M. PURPUREA). PURPLE M. A shrub (6 high), 

 the showy flowers pink-purple outside, white within ; leaves dark green, 

 tapering gradually to petiole ; petals 9, obovate. Japan, hardy N. 



M. ste/lata, Maxim, (or M. HALLL\NA). A small tree ; flowers white ; 

 petals about 15, linear-oblong ; leaves varying to elliptic. Japan. 



M. Kobus, DC. (or M. THURBERI), is a small bushy tree, with leaves 

 broadest at the top and green below ; and very early, blush-white, fra- 

 grant flowers. Japan. 



3. CERCIDIPHYLLUM. (Cercis-leaved, from the resemblance of 

 the foliage to that of the Red Bud.) Two large trees hi Japan, one of 

 which is now becoming popular in this country as an ornamental tree. 



C. Jap6nicum, Sieb. & Zucc. Leaves round heartrshaped, or some- 

 what kidney-shaped, with 3-6 main veins, crenate, glaucous beneath. 

 Tree fastigiate ha shape. 



4. ILLICIUM, STAR ANISE. (Latin : to entice.) Shrubs, aromatic, 

 especially the bark and pods, with evergreen oblong leaves. 



I. Floridanum, Ellis. Leaves oblong-lanceolate ; petals 20-80, narrow- 

 widely spreading, dark purple, the flowers about 1' hi diameter. Shrub 

 6-10, far S. 



I. parvifldrum, Michx., S., sometimes cult., has lanceolate leaves, 6- 

 12, ovate or roundish, yellow petals, and smaller flowers. 



5. SCHIZANDRA. (Greek: cut-stamens.} 



S. coccinea, Michx., a twining shrub of S. States, scarcely aro- 

 matic, with thin ovate or oblong, alternate, deciduous leaves, and small 

 crimson-purple flowers in spring. 



