VINE FAMILY. 107 



with roundish open sinuses ; clusters slender ; fruit smaller and earlier 

 than in the foregoing, black with a bloom, pleasant. Common from Va., 

 S. Original of the HERBEMONT, NORTON'S VIRGINIA, and others. 



V. bicolor, Le Conte, represents the last in the N., has very glaucous 

 wood, thin leaves, glaucous-blue and only thinly pubescent below, and 

 late, austere, very small fruits. 



V. cin&rea, Engelm. DOWNY GRAPE. Branches angular, pubescence 

 grayish or whitish and persistent ; leaves entire or slightly 3-lobed on 

 very long stalks ; berries small, black, without bloom in long-stalked 

 clusters. 111. W. and S. 



- *- Leaves glabrous and mostly shining, or short-hairy beneath, cut-lobed 

 or undivided. 



++ Flowers more or less polygamous (some plants inclined to produce only 

 staminatc flowers), exhaling a fragrance like that of Mignonette; 

 native species. 



V. cordif61ia, Michx. FROST or CHICKEN G. Leaves thin, heart-shaped, 

 with a deep acute sinus, little lobed, but coarsely and sharply toothed ; 

 stipules small ; clusters loose ; fruit small, bluish, or black with a bloom, 

 very sour, ripe after frosts. Common on banks of streams. 



V. riparia, Michx. (or V. VULP*NA). RIVER G. Leaves usually 3- 

 lobed, sinus broad, rounded, or truncate ; stipules large (2"-3") ; fruit 

 4"-5" diameter, acid, often juicy, ripening July to Sept. Stream banks 

 N. and W. Original, in part, of CLINTON and others. 



V. rupe"stris, Scheele. SAND G., SUGAR G. Low and bushy, often 

 without tendrils ; leaves broadly cordate or kidney-shaped, not acumi- 

 nate, usually not lobed, but coarsely toothed ; berries small in small 

 bunches, sweet ; ripe Aug. Wis. to Tenn. and Tex. 



++ .. Flowers all perfect, somewhat fragrant ; exotic. 



If. vinifera, Linn. EUROPEAN GRAPE. Leaves circular and usually 

 green and shining, thin, the teeth deep and sharp or rounded, when 

 young 5-7-lobed. Cult, from immemorial time ; from the East, furnish- 

 ing the principal grapes of our greenhouses. 



2. Bark of stem close and smooth, pale ; pith continuous through the 

 nodes ; tendrils simple, intermittent. 



V. rotundifdlia, Michx. MUSCADINE, BULLACE, or SOUTHERN Fox 

 GRAPE. Leaves rather small, round, seldom slightly lobed, glossy, and 

 mostly smooth both sides, margin coarsely toothed ; clusters small ; fruit 

 i'-f diameter, purple, thick-skinned, ripe in early autumn ; original of 

 the SCUPPERNONG GRAPE. River banks from Md. and Ky. and Kans., S. 



2. CISSUS. (Greek : Ivy.) Species often referred to Vitis. 

 * Wild species S. and W. , smooth, usually with 5 stamens and petals. 



C. Ampeldpsis, Pers. A species with simple leaves like those of a true 

 Grape, heart-shaped or ovate, pointed, coarsely toothed, but not lobed ; 

 flower-clusters, small and loose ; style slender. 



C. stans, Pers. A bushy or low-climbing plant, with few tendrils, and 

 decompound leaves, the small leaflets cut-toothed. 



* * Exotic species, usually with 4 stamens and petals. 



C. discolor, Blume. Leaves lance-oblong, with a heart-shaped base, 

 crimson underneath, velvety lustrous and dark-green, shaded with purple 

 or violet, or often mottled with white ; on the upper surface the shoots 

 reddish. Java ; cult, in hothouses for its splendid foliage. 



