154 ROSE FAMILY. 



acute leaflets, or the side-leaflets parted, making 6, all doubly serrate; 

 peduncle bearing 1-3 small flowers, and the fruit of few grains. Low 

 woods, N. 



* * Bushes ; the canes woody. 



- Not hairy, although bristly or prickly. 



R. occidentals, Linn. BLACK R., BLACKCAP, or THIMBLEBERRT. 

 Borders of fields and thickets N., especially where ground has been 

 burned over; glaucous-whitened, the long, recurving stems, stalks, etc., 

 armed with hooked prickles, but no bristles ; leaflets mostly 3, ovate, 

 pointed, white-downy beneath, coarsely doubly toothed, the lateral ones 

 stalked; flowers in close umbel-like clusters, or some of them somewhat 

 scattered, the petals shorter than the sepals ; fruit purple-black (or an 

 amber-colored variety) , flattish, ripe at midsummer. Parent of the Black 

 Raspberries of the garden. 



R. strig6sus, Michx. WILD RED R. Common especially N. ; 2-3 

 high, the upright stems, stalks, etc., beset with copious bristles, and some 

 of them becoming weak prickles, also glandular ; leaflets oblong-ovate, 

 pointed, cut-serrate, white-downy beneath, the lateral ones (either 1 or 

 2 pairs) not stalked ; flowers in more or less raceme-like clusters, the 

 petals as long as the sepals, the latter more or less glandular ; fruit light 

 red, tender and watery, but high flavored, ripening all summer. Parent 

 of some of the Red Raspberries of the garden. 



R. NEGLECTUS, a hybrid between the last two, has given rise to the 

 Shaffer, Philadelphia, and other garden varieties of the PURPLE CANE 

 class. 



R. Idaeus, Linn. EUROPEAN RASPBERRY. Tall and nearly erect, beset 

 with straight, slender prickles, or many of them mere bristles, the canes 

 whitish ; leaves thicker, and fruit firmer and larger than in R. strigosus, 

 red or yellowish, ripening through the summer ; calyx glandless. Parent 

 of the Antwerp and other garden Raspberries; once much grown, but 

 now mostly out of cultivation in this country. 



- *- Densely glandular-hairy. 



R. phcenicolasius, Maxim. WINEBERRY. Strong bush with the habit 

 of a raspberry, the branches covered with a copious red hair ; the dull 

 and sparsely hairy, wedge-ovate or wedge-cordate, toothed, and jagged 

 leaflets very white-tomentose below; flowers in fascicled clusters; the 

 soft reddish fruits at length inclosed in the great hairy calyx, edible. 

 Japan. 



3. BLACKBERRIES and DEWBERRIES ; with the pulpy grains of the fruit 

 remaining attached to the pulpy receptacle, which at length falls away 

 from the calyx; stems prickly; leaves of 3 or pedately 5-7 leaflets; 

 flowers on leafy shoots from stems of the preceding year, in spring and 

 early summer, with white spreading petals. 



* Stems more or less woody; fruit black (rarely amber') when ripe, 

 edible, ripening in summer and autumn. 



*- Stems more or less erect, not propagating from the tip. BLACK- 

 BERRIES. 



H. vill6sus, Ait. HIGH BLACKBERRY. Everywhere along thickets, 

 fence-rows, etc. ; stems l-6 high, furrowed ; prickles strong and hooked ; 

 leaflets 3-5, ovate or lance-ovate, pointed, their lower surface and stalks 

 hairy and glandular, the middle one long- stalked and sometimes heart- 

 shaped ; flowers rather large, with short bracts, in distinct leafless racemes ; 

 fruit oblong or cylindrical. The common Blackberry of gardens, running 

 into many forms. 



