SAXIFRAGE FAMILY. 165 



II. Shrubs, with simple leaves (includes plants which have 

 been ranked in 2 or 3 different families) . None of the follow- 

 ing have stipules, except Eibes. Seeds numerous. 



* Leaves opposite. Calyx-tube wholly coherent with the top-shaped or hemispherical 



ovary, but not at all extended beyond it. 

 +- Stamens only twice as many as the petals, 8 or 10. 



T. DEUTZIA. Flowers all alike and perfect, more or less panlcled, showy. Lobes of the 

 calyx 5. Petals 5, valvate, with the edges turned inwards. Filaments flat, the 5 

 alternate ones longer, commonly with a tooth or fork on each side next the top. 

 Styles 3-6, slender. Pod 3-5-celled. 



8. HYDRANGEA. Flowers in cymes, commonly of two sorts, the marginal ones (or in 



high-cultivated plants almost all) enlarged and neutral, consisting of the corolla-like 

 calyx only (Lessons, p. 78, Fig. 214) ; the others perfect, with a 4-5-toothed calyx, as 

 many small petals valvate in the bud, and twice as many stamens with slender 

 filaments. Styles 2-5, diverging. Ovary 2-5-celled, becoming a small pod which 

 opens at the top between the styles. 



-I- -t- Stamens indefinite, 20-10. 



9. DECUMARIA. Flowers small, in a compound terminal cyme. Calyx minutely 7-10- 



toothed. Style thick. Petals 7-10, valvate in the bud. Pod small, top-shaped, 

 many-ribbed, bursting at the sides between the ribs. 



10. PHILADELPHIA. Flowers showy, often corymbed or panicled. Calyx with 4 or 5 



valvate lobes. Petals 4 or 5, broad, convolute in the bud. Styles 8-5, usually some- 

 what united below. Ovary 3-5-celled, becoming a pod, which splits at length into 



as many pieces. 



* * Leaves alternate. 



11. ITEA. Leaves pinnately veined, not lobed. Flowers in a raceme. Calyx nearly free 



from the 2-celled ovary, 5-cleft. Petals lanceolate, much longer than the calyx, and 

 Inserted along with the 5 stamens near its base. Pod slender, 2-celled, splitting 

 through the style and the partition. 



12. EIBES. Leaves palmately veined and lobed ; sometimes with narrow stipules united 



with the base of the petiole. Calyx with its tube cohering with the ovary, and often 

 extended beyond it, the 5 lobes usually colored like the petals. Petals and stamens 

 each 5, on the throat of the calyx, the former small and mostly erect. Styles 2 or 

 partly united into one ; ovary 1-celled with 2 parietal placentae, in fruit becoming a 

 juicy berry, crowned with the shriveled remains of the rest of the flower. 



1. SAXIFRAGA, SAXIFRAGE. (Latin name, rock-breaker: many 

 species rooting in the clefts of rocks.) Besides the following there are 

 a number of rare or local wild species. Jj. 



* Leaves all clustered at the root; the naked scape clammy above and 

 bearing many small whitish flowers in a panicle or cyme, the 2 ovaries 

 united barely at the base, making at length a pair of nearly separate, 

 diverge.nt pods. Wild species. 



S. Virgini^nsis, Michx. EARLY S. On rocks and moist banks ; 

 with obovate or wedge-spatulate, thickish, more or less toothed leaves in 

 an open cluster ; scape 3'-9' high, bearing in early spring white flowers in 

 a dense cluster, which at length opens into a loose panicled cyme ; calyx 

 not half the length of the petals ; pods turning purple. 



S. Pennsylvdnica, Linn. SWAMP S. In low, wet ground N. ; with 

 lance-oblong or oblanceolate obtuse leaves (4'-8' long), obscurely toothed 

 and narrowed into a very short, broad petiole ; scape l-2 high, bearing 

 small greenish flowers in an oblong cluster, opening with age into a looser 

 panicle (in spring) ; the reflexed lobes of the calyx as long as the lance- 

 linear petals. 



