DOGWOOD FAMILY. 207 



with ovate, abruptly pointed leaves, small cymes, and lead-colored fruit ; 

 stone scarcely compressed, longer than broad. 



C. sanguined, Linn. EUROPEAN RED OSIER. Erect, with ovate 

 (sometimes variegated) leaves rather downy beneath, and black or dark 

 purple fruit ; planted from Eu. 



++ -w Branches brownish, gray, or green-streaked. 

 = Leaves loosely pubescent below. 



C. asperif61ia, Michx. Shrub 3-5 high, with branches and small 

 oblong or ovate leaves pubescent, upper face of the latter rough, the 

 lower downy ; cymes small and flat ; fruit bluish. Dry soil, Lake Erie 

 W. and S. 



C. circinata, L'Her. Shrub 3-10 high, with warty-dotted branches 

 rather large round-oval and short-pointed leaves downy beneath ; small 

 flat cymes, and light^blue fruit. Wooded hillsides, Va. and Mo., N. 



= = Leaves scarcely pubescent below. 



C. strlcta, Lam. Shrub 8-15 high, with ovate or lance-ovate taper- 

 pointed leaves, smooth and green both sides ; loose flat cymes, and pale 

 blue fruit. Wet grounds S. 



C. paniculata, L'Her. Shrub 3-8 high, much branched, smooth, 

 with ash-colored bark, lance-ovate pointed leaves, acute at base and 

 whitish beneath, and proportionally large and numerous convex cymes, 

 often panicled ; fruit white. Roadsides and copses, N. 



2. AUCUBA. (Japanese name of the species cultivated as a house- 

 plant.) 



A. Japdnica, Thunb. Shrub, with large ovate-oblong leaves bright 

 green and usually marbled with yellow ; the flowers inconspicuous, but 

 the red berries (when formed) handsome. 



3. NYSSA, TUPELO, PEPPERIDGE, SOUR GUM TREE. (Greek 

 name of a nymph, the trees growing in wet places.) Dowers spring. 



* Sterile flowers in loose clusters ; fruit blue, not edible. 



N. sylvatica, Marsh. COMMON TUPELO, SOUR GUM, PEPPERIDGE. 

 In swamps or rich woods, N. and S. ; tree 30-50 high, with horizontal 

 branches and Beech-like spray ; ovate or obovate leaves entire and smooth 

 or glossy when old ; fertile flowers 3-8 on the slender peduncle ; dark- 

 blue oval fruit ' long, and ovoid scarcely ridged stone ; wood tough ; 

 leaves changing to bright crimson in autumn. 



N. bifl6ra, Walt. WATER TUPELO. In pine-barren swamps, N. J., 

 S. ; smaller leaves than in the preceding (l f -2' long) and varying from 

 lance-oblong to roundish ; short peduncles, the fertile 1-2-flowered ; 

 smaller oval fruit and a flattened ridged stone. 



N. unifl6ra, Wang. LARGE TUPELO, WILD OLIVE. In water, from 

 Va. and 111., S. ; large tree, with leaves ovate or oblong, acute, often 

 with a few sharp teeth, 4'-6' long, on slender petioles, downy beneath ; 

 fertile peduncles long and 1-flowered ; fruit oblong, about 1' long ; stone 

 flattened, with very sharp ridges ; wood soft ; roots very spongy, used 

 for corks. 



* * Sterile flowers in a head; oblong fruit red and edible. 



N. Ogfcche, Marsh. OGEECHEE LIME or WILD LIME, so called from 

 the acid fruit (!' or more long) ; in swamps far S. ; a small tree, with 

 oblong or obovate leaves (3'-5' long) downy beneath ; fertile flowers soli- 

 tary on very short peduncles. 



