HONEYSUCKLE FAMILY. 211 



3. SAMBUCUS, ELDER. (From Greek name of an ancient musical 

 instrument, supposed to have been made of Elder stalks.) 



* Flowers in a flatfish cyme. 



S. CanaddnsiB, Linn. COMMON ELDER. Stems woody only towards 

 the base, 5-6 high, with white pith ; 7-11 oblong smooth or smoothish 

 leaflets, the lowermost often 3-parted ; flowers scentless, in early summer ; 

 fruit small, black-purple. Rich soils. 



S. nlgra, Linn. EUROPEAN E. Taller and more woody (where hardy), 

 the leaflets usually 5, oblong-oval or ovate-lanceolate; flowers larger, 

 faintly sweet scented ; fruit black. Cult, from Eu., chiefly in the form of 

 golden-leaved, variegated, and cut-leaved varieties. 



* * Flowers in a pyramidal panicle or thyrse. 



8. racem6sa, Linn. RED E. Rocky woods chiefly N., with woody 

 stems and warty bark ; yellow-brown pith ; few lanceolate leaflets downy 

 underneath ; berries bright red. Blooms in early spring. 



4. LINN.2EA, TWIN FLOWER. (Linnaeus.) 11 



L. borealis, Gronov. Stems creeping, bearing round-oval and sparingly 

 crenate, somewhat hairy, small leaves, and in early summer the sweet- 

 scented pretty flowers ; corolla purple and whitish, hairy inside. Mossy 

 woods and cold bogs N. 



5. TRIOSTEUM, FEVERWORT, HORSE GENTIAN. (Greek for 

 three bones, from the 3 bony seeds or stones.) The root has been used in 

 medicine, and the seeds for coffee. In rich soil ; flowering early summer. 

 T. perfoliatum, Linn. Softly hairy, 2-4 high, with oval leaves 



abruptly narrowed at base, and brownish purple flowers in clusters ; the 

 common species. 



T. angustif61iura, Linn. Smaller and bristly-hairy, with narrower 

 lanceolate leaves more tapering at base, and greenish or cream-colored 

 flowers, mostly solitary. Va. to 111., S. and W. 



6. SYMPHORICARPOS. (Greek: crowded fruits.) Wild on rocky 

 banks, and cult, for the ornamental, insipid berries. Flowers white or 

 slightly rose-color, produced all summer. 



S. racem6sus. Michx. SNOWBERRY. Clusters of flowers in inter- 

 rupted leafy spikes (rather than racemes) terminating the branches ; 

 corolla bearded within ; style (as in the next) glabrous ; berries snow- 

 white in autumn. N. Eng., S. and W. Common in gardens. 



S. occidentalis, Hook. WOLFBERRT. Flowers in dense terminal 

 and axillary spikes ; corolla larger than in the last, much bearded within ; 

 berries white. Mich., W. 



S. vulgaris, Michx. CORAL BERRY, INDIAN CURRANT. Short clus- 

 ters of flowers in the axils of most of the leaves ; corolla slightly bearded, 

 but style prominently so ; berries small, dark-red. N. Y., W. and S. 



7. LONICERA, HONEYSUCKLE, WOODBINE. (Named for an old 

 German herbalist, Lonitzer, latinized Lonicerus.) 



1. FLY HONEYSUCKLES, upright or straggling bushes, never twining, 

 with leaves all distinct to the base, and a pair of flowers on the summit 

 of an axillary peduncle, the 2 berries sometimes united into 1. 

 * Four large leafy bracts surrounding 2 cylindrical (' long) yellowish 



flowers. 



L. involucrata, Banks. Wild from Lake Superior to Cal., and spar- 

 ingly planted ; shrub 2-5 high, downy when young, with ovate or 



