COMPOSITE FAMILY. 251 



52. CHRYSANTHEMUM, including LEUCANTHEMUM and PYRE- 

 THRUM. (Golden flower in Greek; but they are of various colors.) 

 All natives of Old World, (p. 226.) 



* Akenes of disk and ray flowers similar, angled or striate, but not 

 winged. PYRETHRUMS. 5l 



*- Leaves pinnatisect or compound. 



C. coccineum, Willd. (PYRETHRUM R&SEUM of gardens). A handsome 

 plant from Persia, cult, in many varieties, the terminal solitary large 

 flowers in various colors, but chiefly in shades of red, and often double 

 (i.e., disk flowers radiate); leaves finely pinnatisect, the lobes linear. 

 Plant l-3, smooth, the lower leaves petioled, the upper sessile. This 

 (with C. CINERARKEF6LIUM, Vis., which has stem and lower surface of 

 broader-lobed leaves canescent) is a source of commercial Pyrethrum 

 or Persian insect powder. 



C. Parthenium, Bernh. FEVERFEW. Smooth, with branching, leafy, 

 striate or grooved stems l-3 ; leaves ovate or oblong-ovate in outline, 

 twice pinnately divided into coarse ovate cut divisions ; flowers ' across, 

 whitish, in corymbs, the peduncles leafy or bracted, the rays twice larger 

 than the involucre ; short pappus dentate. Common in old gardens, and 

 escaped. Eu. 



C.prce6ltum,Vent. (PYRETHRUM PARTHENir6LiuM of gardens). GOLDEN 

 FEATHER. Pubescent, or becoming nearly smooth, the stems terete ; 

 leaves very much cut, the segments oblong ; peduncles naked ; rays 

 thrice longer than the involucre ; short pappus entire. A yellow-leaved 

 form is used for carpet-bedding. Asia. 



*- -t- Leaves toothed or sometimes jagged, but not pinnatisect. 



C. Leuc&nthemum, Linn. OXEYE DAISY, WHITEWEED. Stem nearly 

 simple and erect, smooth, l-2 ; leaves oblong-spatulate, sharply pinna- 

 tifid-toothed, those on the stem sessile and passing into bracts or wanting 

 near the top ; heads large and white, solitary and terminal. An abun- 

 dant weed E. Eu. 



C. uligindsum, Pers. Tall and strong, 2-4, very finely pubescent; 

 leaves lanceolate, tapering at both ends, sessile, very sharply toothed; 

 large (2'-3' across) white flowers in a terminal corymb. Cult. E. Eu. 



C. Bals6mita, Linn., var. tanacetoldes, Boiss. COSTMARY, MINT GERA- 

 NIUM, LAVENDER (erroneously). Tall grayish-canescent (at least above) 

 plant with sweet-scented herbage ; leaves oblong, obtuse, long-petioled, 

 obtusely serrate ; heads small and yellowish in the common rayless form 

 (rays white when they appear, when the plant is known as C. BALSAMITA), 

 in a terminal cluster. Asia. 



* * Akenes of disk and ray flowers unlike, those of the rays winged. 

 *- Leaves twice-pinnatifld or pinnatisect. 



C. frutescens, Linn. MARGUERITE, PARIS DAISY. Bushy and erect, 

 woody at the base, generally smooth, slightly glaucous ; leaf segments 

 linear, or the uppermost leaves reduced to trifid bracts ; flowers white 

 (rarely yellowish), large (2'-3' across), with spreading daisy-like rays, 

 all on long naked peduncles. Common in conservatories. Canaries. 2Z 



C. corondrium, Linn. SUMMER CHRYSANTHEMUM, with yellow or some- 

 times whitish flowers, cult, from Mediterranean region ; smooth, with 

 diffuse stems ; leaves with auricled and clasping base, and lanceolate or 

 linear cut-toothed divisions ; the involucre of broad and scarious scales. 



*- - Leaves lobed, but not pinnatifld. GARDEN CHRYSANTHEMUMS. %. 



C. Sinense, Sabine. Canescent above, 2-4 ; the leaves ovate and 

 long-petioled, sinuate-cut and lobed, firm in texture, somewhat glaucous ; 



