406 ORCHIS FAMILY. 



C. multifl6ra, Nutt. In dry woods, N. Eng., W. and S.; 9'-20' high, 

 purplish, stout, with 10-30 short-pediceled flowers, lip deeply 3-lobed, and 

 adnate spur manifest. 



5. ARETHUSA. (Arethusa, the nymph. ) Flowers late spring. 



A. bulbdsa, Linn. A charming little plant, in wet bogs N.; consists 

 of a scape 6'-10' high rising from a solid bulb or corm, sheathed below 

 with one or two green bracts, and terminated with the bright rose-pink 

 flower l'-2' long. 



6. CALOPOGON. (Greek: beautiful beard, referring to the lip.) 

 Flowers early summer. 



C. pulch<mus, R.Br. Scape l-2 high, from a small solid bulb, 

 slender, bearing next the base a long linear or lanceolate many-nerved 

 grass-like leaf, and at the summit 2-6 beautiful pink-purple flowers (!' 

 broad), the lip as if hinged at its base, bearded with white, yellow, and 

 purple club-shaped hairs. Bogs, N. ; one of the common orchids. 



7. POGONIA. (Greek: bearded, i.e. on the lip; this is hardly the 

 case in most of our species. ) We have several, but the only widely 

 common one is 



P. ophioglossoldes, Nutt. Wet bogs, ranging with the Calopogon, 

 and in blossom at the same time ; stem 6'-9' high, from a root of thick 

 fibers, bearing an oval or lance-oblong, closely sessile leaf near the middle, 

 and a smaller one or bract near the terminal flower, with sometimes 

 a second flower in its axil ; flower 1' long, pale rose-color or whitish, 

 sweet-scented; sepals and petals nearly alike; lip erect, beard-crested 

 and fringed. 



8. SFIRANTHES, LADIES' TRESSES. (Name Greek, denoting 

 that the flowers are spiral ; they often are apparently spirally twisted 

 in the spike.) Flowers white. The species are difficult ; the following 

 are the commonest. 



* Flowers crowded in 3 ranks in a close spike ; wet banks or bogs. 



3. Iatif6lia, Torr. Known by its oblong or lance-oblong leaves (l'-3' 

 long), all at the base of the scape, and narrow spike of small smooth 

 flowers, early in June. Moist places, Vt. to Minn, and Del. 



S. Romanzoffiana, Cham. Cold bogs, N. Eng., W.; 5'-15' high, 

 with oblong-lanceolate or grassy-linear leaves, a dense spike of flowers 

 at midsummer, all 3 sepals and 2 petals conniving to form an upper lip. 



S. c^rnua, Richard. 6'-20' high, with lance-linear leaves, cylindrical 

 often lengthened spike, and lower sepals not upturned but parallel with 

 the lower petal or lip ; flowers in autumn. Moist sandy places. Variable. 



* * Flowers in one straight or often spirally twisted rank, in summer. 



S. praecox, Watson. Wet grassy places from N. Eng., S.; stem l-2 

 high, towards its base and at the fleshy root bearing linear or lance-linear 

 leaves, which mostly last through the flowering season ; spike dense and 

 much twisted, rather downy. 



S. gracilis, Bigelow. Hills and sandy plains ; scape slender, 8'-18' 

 high, bearing a slender spike ; leaves all from the tuberous root, short, 

 ovate or oblong, apt to wither away before the small flowers appear in 

 late summer. 



