480 PINE FAMILY. 



P. piingens, Michx. f. TABLE MOUNTAIN or PRICKLY PINE. Along 

 the Alleghanies from Penn. to S. Car. ; middle-sized tree, with dark 

 bluish-green leaves only about 2' long ; but the heavy and clustered, ovate 

 cones fully 3' long, the scales being armed with a very strong, somewhat 

 hooked spine. 



P. fnops. Ait. JERSEY SCRUB P. Low, straggling tree of barrens 

 and sterile hills, from Long Island, S. and W., with drooping branchlets ; 

 leaves l'-3' long ; solitary ovate-oblong cones 2' long, reflexed on a short 

 stalk; the scales tipped with an awl-shaped prickle. 



P. mltis. Michx. YELLOW PINE, SHORT-LEAVED YELLOW PINE. A 

 middle-sized tree in sandy or dry soil, with firm, fine-grained wood, slen- 

 der leaves (not rarely in threes) 3'-5' long ; and mostly solitary, ovate, 

 or oblong-conical cones barely 2' long ; the scales tipped with a minute, 

 weak prickle. Staten Island, W. and S. 



w- -w. Scales of the cone not beaked, but often wrinkled or uneven. 



P. Austriaca, Hoss. AUSTRIAN P. A probable variety of P. LARfcio, 

 or CORSICAN P. of S. Eu. ; a fast-growing, massive tree, with very rough 

 branches ; dark-green, slender, but rigid leaves, 4M5' long ; and conical 

 cones 2'-3' long. Commonly planted. 



P. Massoniana, Lamb. China, now frequently cultivated, particularly 

 the form with party-colored white and green leaves, which are 5'-7' 

 long and slender ; cones very small, solitary, or 2-3-verticillate. 



P. Banksiana. Lamb. GRAY or NORTHERN SCRUB P. JACK P. Along 

 our northern frontiers and extending N. , on rocky banks ; straggling 

 shrub or tree, 5-20 high, with oblique or contorted leaves 1' long ; 

 curved cones barely 2' long persisting on the branches several years ; 

 blunt scales. 



P. resin6sa. Ait. RED PINE, NORWAY PINE. The Latin name not 

 a good one, as the tree is not especially resinous ; dry woods N. from N. 

 Eng. to Minn. ; 50-80 high, with reddish and smoothish bark, compact 

 wood, dark-green leaves 5'-6' long and not rigid ; and ovate-conical, 

 smooth cones about 2' long, at the apex of the branch and falling after 

 shedding the seed, their scales slightly thickened at the end and without 

 any prickly point. Much used for lumber in Mich, and W. 



2. PICEA, SPRUCE. (Latin name.) 



* Foliage distinctly glaucous, so that the tree has a whitish or bluish cast. 



(Leaves glaucous both above and below.} 



P. pungens, Engelm. COLORADO BLUE SPRUCE. Of conical, slow 

 growth, with spreading, horizontal branches ; branchlets smooth and 

 shining ; leaves 1' or less long, very sharp -pointed, stiff, in the best 

 forms densely glaucous-blue (varies into almost green forms) ; cones 

 solitary or clustered, cylindrical, 2J'-5' long. Rocky Mountains. 



P. alba. Link. WHITE SPRUCE. Along our northern borders and N. ; 

 when planted a very handsome tree, with pale, glaucous leaves ; cylindri- 

 cal, nodding cones about 2' long, falling the first winter; the thinner 

 scales with a firm, even edge. 



* * Foliage green or nearly so (leaves glaucous, if at all, only on the 



under side). 



i- Cones 4' or less long. 



P. nlgra. Link. BLACK or DOUBLE SPRUCE. Cold woods and swamps 

 N. and along the mountains S. ; middle-sized tree, with leaves (seldom 

 over i' long) dark-green (a glaucous- whitish variety E.); its ovate cones 

 recurving on short branches, !'-!' long, persistent for several years ; thin, 

 rigid scales with thin, often eroded edge. 



