8 , , George Dahl, 



Herod the Great in time to become the capital of the Roman prov- 

 ince of Judea, lies eight miles south of Dor\ 



Tanttira, the modern town, an unimportant village of a few hun- 

 dred Moslem inhabitants^, lies along the coast.* South of the vil- 

 lage stretches a fine open sandy beach; northwards the shore is 

 rocky as far as the JezTret el-Mukr\ To the east and southeast lies 

 a swamp\ A short distance to the south of the town is the Nahr 

 el-Dufleh% a stream some five to ten yards across and apparently 

 perennial; still farther south, on the way to Caesarea, one crosses 

 the Nahr el-Zerkfi, the Crocodile River of the ancients. In the 

 sea, opposite the town, are several small islands; these combine 

 with a slight curve in the beach to form a sort of harbor for the 

 small coasting craft. On the north this little bay is pratected by 

 a rocky point that juts out into the sea in the form of a promon- 

 tory*. North of this promontory is another ancient port; evidently 

 there was here a double harbor^ The buildings of the town itself 

 are for the most part mud cabins one story high, lying along the 

 beach^; stones taken from the ruins to the north have been used in 

 building the better houses". To the east is a square stone build- 

 ing'" used as a medafeh^ or *' guest house," for passing travelers. 



' According to the Tab. Peut. the distance from Cesaria to Thora (sic) is 

 VIII (Roman miles); Eus. and Jerome (O.^. 283:3; 142:13-15) make it nine 

 Roman miles. 



2 Baed. (4) (1906) p. 231 ; Enc. Bib. s. v.; S.W.P., Mem. II, p. 3; Buck- 

 ingham {Trav. in Pal., p. 123; so von Raumer, Paldstina (3), p. 154, in 

 1850) in 1823, estimated the population at 500 souls, with 40 or 50 dwellings; 

 Guerin (Sam. 2, 305 f.) in 1874 says 1200 inhabitants (but Guerin seems to 

 overestimate the population of several towns in this district). According 

 to the Population List of the Liva of 'Akka (reported by G. Schumacher, 

 P.E.F.Q., 1887, p. 181, no. 38) there were in 1887, 154 Moslem men between 

 16 and 60 years of age ; this would give an estimated total of about 770 

 souls ; the town at that time was growing {Ibid. p. 84), 



3 S.W.P. Mem. II, p. 1 ; Buhl, Geog., p. 32 ; see map. 



* Baed. (4), pp. 231 f ; Pal Expl. Map, Sheet 7; Buhl, Geog., p. 211. 



5 G.A.S., Hist. Geog., Map VI, opp. p. 379, errs in making Wady el-Duf- 

 leh tributary to the Nahr el-Zerka. The Nahr el-Dufleh is also called Nahr 

 el-Karajeh {S.W.P. , Name Lists, p. 140). 



« Guer., Sam. 2:305 f ; P.E.F.Q., (1887), p. 84 ; Ibid. (1873), p. 100. 



' G.A.S., Hist. Geog. p. 130 ; see page 11 below. 



8 Buhl, Geog., p. 211 ; S W.P. Mem. II, p. 3. 



9 P.E.F.Q., 1887, p. 84 ; Guer., Sam. 2:305. 

 ^^ S.W.P. Mem. 11, i>. 3. 



