History of Dor. 29 



been borrowed from without. This fact doubtless accounts for the 

 variations we find in the writing, both in its use as a common noun 

 and as a designation of ancient Dor. 



Fleischer', followed by FraenkeP and Jastrow^ suggests that the 

 Aramaic ^p*)D^ a plural noun meaning "Kopfbedeckungen, Miit- 



zen", is connected with the Arabic \y^y^ (and its variants) of 



Dozy^ He finds no Aramaic origin for PtO'^D • Fraenkel raises 



the question whether it be a genuine Aramaic word at all. Levy* 



suggests "teretes'", Jastrow **turritum" (capitis ornamentum), as 



the Latin original of the Aramaic word. 



,, «' 

 Thus the Arabic )y^y^ and the Aramaic f^p^D . both signifying 



head-covering or cap, stand isolated in their respective languages 



and yet in apparent connexion one with the other. Both seem to 



be borrowed, and the original must be sought in some language 



with which the people of Syria and Arabia came into contact. The 



conquest of these lands by Alexander opened the way for Greek 



influence upon the native languages, and the Roman settlers after 



Pompey brought in many Latin words ; in either the Greek or the 



Latin, then, the original word is probably to be sought. 



The Latin "tentorium" (English "tent" — in Middle Latin it is 



also used to signify an "umbrella"^) seems to be the most probable 



original of both (x^Aqj^ and pp*lD • In borrowed words the ten- 

 dency is to conform at first rather closely to the original form ; later 

 the word is changed to accommodate it more nearly to the language 

 into which it is taken. The Aramaic form as borrowed from the 

 Latin " tentorium" was probably IICDJD > the "ium " as usual drop- 

 ping off. Metathesis in borrowed words is very common and fol- 



^ In his supplementary notes in J. Levy, Neuhehrdischesund Chalddisches 

 Wiyrterbuch, Vol. II, p. 210 (1879). 



* Die Aram. Fremdworter im Arab., p. 53 (1886). 



3 Diet, of the Targumim, etc., p. 552b (1903). 



^ Jastrow vocalizes p^*)^ . 



^ S. Krauss {Griech. u. Latein. Lehnworter im Talmud, etc., II, pp. 271 ff.) 

 questions, but without sufficient reason, this definition of ptO*ttD • 



^ Neuhebr. u. Chald. Worterbuch, s.v. 



"' Plural of adj. teres, "rounded off"; fig. "smooth". 



8 Du Cange, Glossarium, m,ediae et ivfimae Latinitatis, s.v. 



I 



