History of Dor. 69 



"And Charax (in book) 11, ' Tiypho, being besieged in Dor, a 

 city of Coele-Sjria by Antiochus, fled to Ptolemais, called Ake.'" 



The attempt to harmonize these variant accounts by making 

 Trypho go first to Ptolemais, then to Orthosia and finally to 

 Apamea^ is neither reasonable nor convincing. Evidently there 

 were in existence several differing and conflicting accounts of what 

 became of Trypho. Schtirer^ holds that JosejDhus used 1 Macca- 

 bees as his main source here, but that he freely changed some of 

 the details from some Greek writer, probably Polybius. Holscher' 

 classes this passage with the other " Syriaca" and assigns them all to 

 Strabo, who, he alleges, in turn found his material in Polybius 

 and Posidonius. Destinon* believes that Josephus' source for this 

 passage was a writer who had already composed a narrative out of 

 1 Maccabees and some Greek writer. Inasmuch as the closing 

 chapters of 1 Maccabees as they now stand seem to be original*, 

 it is probable that Josephus worked over the material contained in 

 them with the aid of material from some Greek historian. In any 

 case, whatever the process of fusion and relation of documents in 

 these passages may have been, it is the clear testimony of our 

 sources that Trypho was actually besieged in Dor by Antiochus 

 Sidetes and that he somehow escaped from that city. 



ANTIQUITIES XIII, 12:2, 4. 

 Soon after the beginning of the reign of Alexander Jannaeus 

 (104-78 B.C.), Dor is mentioned by Josephus in connection with 

 Alexander's plan of bringing the coast cities under his sway. Dor 

 and Strato's Tower (Caesarea) were held at this time by a tyrant 

 named Zoilus^ When Alexander started his campaign by besieg- 



1 Fritzsche, I, 229: Wace, II, 527; Schiirer, G.J.V. I, 253. 



^ Hauck-Herzog, EnzyJc., s.v. Josephus. 



3 Die Quellen des Josephus. 



^ Margoliouth (Revision of Whiston's Josephus), Introd., p. XVII. 



5 See note above, p. 66. 



^ Clermont-Ganneau (Recueil d'Archeologie orientale, V, 1903, pp. 285-8) 

 gives an epitaph from a stone found at Dor dating from the year 169-170 

 A. D., which gives a feminine form, Zoila. The inscription reads: TiUtla 

 hdade Ktirai kruv vptaKovra (fulavdpoq. FAct' 'ATzellatov Kg. dapaei. "Here lies 

 Zoila (aged) thirty years, loving her husband. Year 233, the 26th (of the 

 month) Apellaeos. Courage ! " It is interesting to note that this name per- 

 sisted in Dor into the second century A.D. Cler-Gan. suggests that the 

 tyrant Zoilus may have introduced the name into the Onomasticon of the 

 place. 



