History of Dor. 91 



sounding titles certain privileges were bound up. The title Upa koI 

 a<Tv\o<s in the Greek and Roman periods extended to whole cities 

 the privilege of asylum which was originally confined to sanc- 

 tuaries'. The significance of the term avrovo/xos varies slightly at 

 different periods. It is not the same as iXevdepos. The "free" 

 towns were almost entirely independent of Rome, while the 

 "autonomous" cities were not far removed in organization from 

 those directly subject to the Romans. The "autonomous" cities 

 were required to pay taxes and to furnish auxiliary troops upon 

 demand; while in the subject cities direct levies of troops were 

 made by the Roman officials. The statement in Josephus {Ant. 

 XIV, 4:4; cp. B.J. I, 7:7) that Pompey had made Dor and other 

 cities i\€v6€pas implies nothing as to their relations toward Rome'' ; 

 the statement simply indicates that these cities were freed from 

 Jewish domination^ The title vavapx^^ was conferred upon Sidon 

 and Tripolis as well as upon Dor, doubtless because of their 

 convenience as naval stations and because of their importance as 

 the chief ports in their respective districts*. It would appear 

 from this title that Dor had better harbor facilities in the second 

 century of our era than the remains at present visible would 

 indicate^ 



According 'to the tradition preserved by Claudius lolaus' the 

 eponymous founder of Dor was Doros, the son of Poseidon. It is 

 probable that this hero is intended by the Poseidon-like deity 

 represented on some of the coins'. On the other hand, this may 

 easily be intended to represent Zeu8^ Another type that fre- 

 quently occurs is the turret-crowned Tyche of the city. Astarte 



1 Schiir., O.J.V. II, p. 105; Moore in Enc. Bib. I, pp. 377 f., s.v. Asylum ; 

 Head, p. LXXX. 



2 Schiirer, G.J.V. II, pp. 104 f. 



^ On the whole question of the significance of the term avrovo/iog, see 

 Schiir. II, pp. 104 ff.; Mommsen, Handbuchder Rom. Alterthiimer, V. Ill, 

 pt. I, 658 f. (Rom. Staatsrecht); Head, p. LXXX. 



* Head, p. LXXX; Babelon, Les Perses Achem., p. CLXX. 



^ Cp. the tradition related by Claudius lolaus (see below p. 94) that Dor 



was provided with good harborage At Tyre and Sidon, similarly, 



the ancient harbors seem to have been larger and better protected than the 

 ones built later. See Baedeker (3) pp. 272 ff . , 278 ff . 



® Steph. Byz. s.v. Awpof; see pp. 94 ff. 



^ Hill, p. LXXIV; Head, p. 792. 



« Babelon, Les Perses Achem., pp. 205-7; Schiir., G.J.V. II, p. 35. 



