244 Contents 



CHAPTKR PAGE 



The Farm Equipment — Buildings, Tools and Implements 331 



The Yield Per Acre of Various Crops 333 



The Apple Orchard 334 



The Management of Woodland 334 



Meadows and Pastureland 336 



The Native Cattle 337 



Oxen and Horses 338 



Sheep of the Common Breed 340 



The Importations of Merino Sheep 341 



The Agricultural Societies — Character of their Work 342 



The Contemporary Criticisms were Deserved 345 



But the Explanation Given was not SuflScient 346 



Inefficiency of Agriculture was not Due to Ignorance 346 



Conservatism 349 



Land was Cheap and Labor Dear — Washington's Explanation 349 



The Effect of Cheap Land— The Frontier 350 



Emigration 351 



The Real Cause of Inefficient Agriculture was the Lack of a Mar- 

 ket for Farm Products 352 



VI. Home and Community Life in the Inland Town 354 



The Self-sufficiency of New England Farms 354 



Clothing — ^The Age of Homespun 357 



The Organization of the Household Industries 361 



The Building and Furnishing of Farmhouses 363 



The Versatility and Ingenuity of Yankee Farmers 365 



Commodities Bought and Sold by a Minister-Farmer 366 



The Result of Self-sufficient Economy was a Low Standard of Living . 368 



The Contrary Opmion Held by Travelers 368 



Wealth was Equally Distributed 370 



Agriculture was not a Means of Making Money 371 



Land was Cheap, Hence no Class of Wage-Earners 372 



Paupers — Cost of Poor Relief — Causes of Poverty 373 



The Vice of Intemperance — Its Causes 374 



Tendencies Toward Social Degeneration 376 



Virtues of the Age of Homespun 377 



Educative Effects 378 



The Importance of the Mechanical Ingenuity of the Yankee Farmer 



in the Future Industrial Development of New England 378 



The Home Market 380 



Appendix A. Population Statistics of Southern New England. 

 1810 381 



Appendix B. Emigration from the Inland Towns in Southern 

 New England. 1720-1820 383 



Appendix C. Partial List of Works on Agriculture PublishUd 

 IN THE United States before 1815 392 



Bibliography 394 



Map — Distribution of Population in Southern New England, 

 1810 Facing page 277 



