ii6 Appendix A 



Norvege et en Espagne, mais surtoiit aux Pays-Bas. II avait epouse 

 une fille du comte de Hainaut, comte en meme temps de Hollande et 

 de Zelande et seigneur de Frise; il etait devenu le beau-frere de 

 I'empereur Louis de Baviere et du comte de Gueldre. En 1328, puis 

 en 1330, il s'etait assure I'alliance du due de Brabant, dont le duche 

 commengait alors a prendre son grand essor industriel. Avec I'aide 

 de la maison de Hainaut-Hollande, dont les domaines avaient une 

 grande importance strategique, Edouard esperait dominer tous les 

 Pays-Bas, II est vrai que Philippe VI, a partir de 1332, essaya de 

 contrecarrer Taction d'Edouard dans cette region; il obligea le due 

 de Brabant a faire alliance avec lui et a marier son fils aine a une 

 fille de France, et en 1334 il acquit la seigneurie de !Malines. Mais 

 Edouard II reprit bientot Tavantage aux Pays-Bas. 



In October, 1337, Edward took the title of King of France, in 

 order to quiet the scruples of the Flemish.^^ In July, 1338, he 

 installed himself at Antwerp with Queen Philippa, and spent 

 money lavishly, in hopes to gain more completely the friendship 

 of the people.^^ Now it was during this sojourn in Antwerp 

 that Philippa gave birth, on Nov. 29, 1338, to the son who was 

 called Lionel of Antwerp — just as his brother, born two years 

 later, was known as John of Gaunt (Ghent) — after Edward III 

 had been present at a parliament in that city, at which he granted 

 to the Flemish great commercial privileges, and bestowed upon 

 them the wool staple and a large subsidy.^* 



Meanwhile, Edward was not only embroiled with the King of 

 France on the grounds indicated above, but also because restitu- 

 tion had not been made of a part of Guyenne which had been 

 seized by the French toward the close of his brother's reign. 

 After this encroachment, Edward's vassals, whenever they were 

 dissatisfied with his rule, were prone to appeal, over his head, to 

 Philip VI, King of France.^^ 



Here, then, we have a situation sufficiently analogous to that 

 outlined at the beginning of Lancelot — the vassals of an English 



"Lavisse 4.^ 39; Michelet 4. 185. 



"Lavisse 4.^ 43. Froissart thus describes his prodigality (Michelet 4. 

 179-180) : 'Et n'epargnoient ni or ni argent, non plus que s'il leur plut 

 des nues, et donnaient grands joyaux aux seigneurs et dames et demois- 

 elles, pour acquerir la louange de ceux et de celles entre qui ils con- 

 versoient; et tant faisoient qu'ils Tavoient et etoient prises de tous 

 et de toutes, et memement du commun peuple a qui ils ne donnoient rien, 

 pour le bel etat qu'ils menoient.' 



" Lavisse 4.^ 44-45. 



^ Lavisse 4/ 35. 



