252 Alexander W. Evans, 



rare. Still later he^^ quotes stations on Juan Fernandez, the 

 Chilean island of Chiloe, and the Falkland Islands. He therefore 

 gives the species a very extensive distribution in the vSouthern 

 Hemisphere. It has already been noted that he does not credit 

 M. Berteroana to America at all, the only specimens which he cites 

 being from Cape Colony, the Transvaal, and the island of St. 

 Helena. 



In his descriptions of M. cephaloscypha Stephani emphasizes 

 the cruciate pores, the large scale-appendages bordered with very 

 small cells, the nine-rayed female receptacles with smooth and 

 terete rays, the eight-lobed male receptacles, and the spinose 

 cupules. It will at once be noted that all of these features are 

 found in M. Berteroana. There are, however, certain discrep- 

 ancies between Stephani's descriptions and the account of M. 

 Berteroana given above. He states, for example, in his original 

 description that the cupules are contracted at base and apex and 

 that the ventral scales are in three rows on each side of the 

 thallus, one row of tongue-shaped scales being close to the 

 margin. In his last description he still emphasizes the contracted 

 apices of the cupules but makes no allusion to the three rows 

 of ventral scales, perhaps because he has already given a triseriate 

 arrangement of the scales as a generic character. 



The type specimen shows that some of the specific characters 

 emphasized by Stephani are based on misconceptions. The single 

 cupule present, for example, is contracted at the throat but flares 

 widely at the mouth. Even if the mouth itself were contracted 

 this condition might easily be due to immaturity and figures of 

 a young cupule of M. polymorpha by Mirbel,^* in which the 

 mouth is distinctly contracted, fully support this view. There 

 are, moreover, no marginal ventral scales, although the margin, 

 being irregularly crispate, produces the effect of scales. The 

 appendages of the median scales are slightly crenulate and show 

 one or two rows of marginal cells, the rays number nine in the 

 female receptacle and are destitute of papillae, the surface of 

 the cupule bears numerous papillae, and the pores are of the cru- 

 ciate type. The writer therefore feels justified in considering M. 

 cephaloscypha a simple synonym of M. Berteroana. 



^Kungl. Svensk. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. 46^ 5. 191 1. 

 " Mem. Acad. Sci. 13 : pi. 4, f. 31, 32. 1835. 



