A Survey of Ancient Peruvian Art. 331 



can Museum of Natural History, New York City. It has not 

 seemed to the writer to be worth while to include pictures of this 

 type, so a description will be given in order that some idea of the 

 type may be formed. 



In the BandeHer collection are a number of jars from Sillus- 

 tani, a place that was probably the site of important activities 

 during the Colla-Chulpa period.^® The vessels are made in two 

 styles. One is a small type of vessel of white clay, rather coarse 

 and undecorated; the other type is made up of red ware, also 

 coarse, with designs in black upon it. Other specimens, doubt- 

 less from this period, are a class of rather coarse and clumsy 

 bowls with design suggestive of the "epigonal" of the coast. 

 (See Bandelier, 1910, Plate XXI.) Coarse bottles of dark red 

 clay, sometimes decorated with black lines, and gray bottles with 

 incised rectilinear spirals seem to exhaust the artistic repertory 

 of the Colla-Chulpa potter. In bronze work, however, the Colla- 

 Chulpa folk were much more advanced, as is evidenced by the 

 archaeology of the region where the chulpas abound.^^ 



It would be a mistake to close our study of this intermediate 

 period without a brief study of the unusual architectural form 

 that peculiarly marks it. The chulpas are strictly speaking stone 

 towers, either circular or rectangular in plan. They vary greatly 

 in size and neither their use nor their distribution is yet definitely 

 settled. Even with our present limited information, however, it 

 is possible to distinguish several types of chulpa. Sir Clements 

 Markham long ago suggested that the cruder types might have 

 been adopted later by the Incas who evolved from them the less 

 crude types.^^ Without formally accepting this theory, we will 

 discuss each of the types in the order of their apparent antiquity, 

 bearing in mind the possibility that appearances may be deceptive. 

 The most primitive form of chulpa, then, is that which is found 

 at Quellenata and Ullulloma.^^ The former of these places is 

 close to the north-western end of Lake Titicaca ; the latter is about 

 fifty miles north-west of there. Primitive chulpas also occur at 



" Bandelier, 1910, pp. 184 ff. ; Bandelier, 1905 ; Squier, 1877, pp. 376-384 ; 

 Markham, 1912, pp. 186 ff. 



"Beuchat, 1912, pp. 580 ff. ; Nordenskjold, 1906, 1906b. 



^® Markham, 1871, p. 308. 



" Squier, 1877, PP. 386 ff. 

 Trans. Conn. Acad., Vol. XXI 23 1917 



