CONCERNING ADHESIONS. 49 



81. Now we take it for granted that all the organs of the 

 flower have their starting-point or origin at the same one 

 point, namely, at the torus (, Fig. 129), hence in this figure 

 of the Golden Currant, it is understood that from t to u the 

 calyx, corolla, stamens, and pistil, adhere together; from u 

 to v, the calyx, corolla, and stamens, adhere ; and at v, all 

 the organs are separate, that is, free. Observe the same 

 structure in the Ear-drop (Fig. 130). 



82. In this and like cases, the calyx is said to be superior, 

 because it seems to stand upon the pistil (ovary) and fruit, 

 but the more correct term is, calyx adherent. 



Fig. 132. Section of the flower of Yellow Violet: t, the torus. The stamens arc 

 hypo<jynous. 



Fig. 1 38. Section of the flower of Pear : c, c, sepals ; p, p, petals ; *, , stamens, 

 perigynous ; o, ovary, inferior or adherent. 



83. There are two other terms used in similar cases, which, 

 although hard to pronounce, you may as well become ac- 

 quainted with now. When the stamens adhere to the calyx 



81. What do we take for granted ? Please show the adhesions in Lho 

 Golden Currant. 



8.2. When is the calyx adherent? When superior? 

 3 



