9) 



OBJECT LESSONS IN BOTANY. 



291. A silique, 



opening by two valves (Fig. 286). Such a pod is sometimes 

 divided crosswise by joints (as in Fig. 287, Desmodium); we 

 then call it a lament. 



181. Silique is a two-carpeled pod, such 

 as we find in Mustard. It has two cells, 

 separated by a thin partition, and two 

 rows of seeds (Fig. 291). A short silique, or 

 one not much longer than wide, such as 

 we find in Pepper-grass or Shepherd's-purse 

 (Fig. 288), is called a silide. (See Fig. 290). 



182. Capsule (the word means casket). 



This name is applied to all 



other forms of dry, compound 



fruits, formed of several unit- fn 'f of Mnstard . 



ed carpels. In opening, they 



commonly split into several valves, as in Iris; 



or divide into several parts (carpels) like BO 



many follicles, as in St. Jolmswort ; or they 



open by small pores, as in Poppy. 



Fig. 292. A capsule, fruit of 

 Scrophnlaria ; it is two-celled, 

 two-carpeled, or two-valved. 



Fig. 293. A three-celled cap- 

 sule of Colchicnm ; it opens be- 

 tween the carpels. 



Fig. 294. Capsule of Iris, open- 

 ing into the carpels. 



Fig. 295. Cross-section of the 

 same, showing how it opens. 



Fig. 296. Fruit of Geranium; 

 its five carpels separate, and are 

 carried up on the curving stvles 

 (called a regma). 



181. Mustard pod ; describe its structure and name. What is a silicic? 



182. What is a capsule ? What three modes of opening are mentioned t 



Fig. 290. Silicic 

 of Draba (en- 

 larged). 



