ORDER 128. THE YEWS. 301 



7 P. pungens. Tree 20-30f., with crooked branches. Lvs. about 2', stout, crowded. 



Cones ovoid, 3', with stout spines 3" Ion;:, ills. Pa. and S. 



8 P. inops. Jergey P. Scrub P. Tree 15-2of., rou_;h and crooked. Leaves rigid, 



obtuse, 2-3'. Cones ovoid-oblong, 2-3', with straightish prickles. Barrens. 

 9 P. resino'sa. Norway P. lied P. Tree 60f., with smoothish bark. Lvs. 5-6', 



slender, with long sheaths. Cones ovoid-conic, 2-3'. Dry woods, northward. 

 10 P. Hudso'nica. lianas P. A straggling shrub 5-25C. Lvs. 1' long, curved and stifl, 

 the cones some longer, recurved, smooth. Rocks, Me. and W. 



2f AB'IES. Spruce. Fir. Hamlock. 



Fir. Cones erect, the scales deciduous. Lvs. flat, spreading two ways Nos. 4, 5 



$ Spruce. Cones nodding. Leaves 4-sided or ensiform, pointing all around 2,3 



1 Hemlock. Cones hanging. Leaves flat, mostly spreading tuo ways No. 1 



1 A. Canaden'sis. Common II. Tree 5J-SOC., elegant while young. Leaves short- 

 linear (0-8"), glaucous beneath. Cones ovoid, terminal, as long as the leaves. 

 Scales concealing the bracts. Rocky woods. Timber inferior, but useful. 



2 A. nigra. Double S. Tree pyramidal. 50-80f. Leaves 6-7", dark -gn-en. Cones ovoid 



1-2', scales erose-denticulate. Damp mountain woods, northward. 



5 A. alba. Single S. Tree 3i>-80f., pyramidal. Leaves 6-9", glaucous. Cones decidu- 

 ous cylindrical, 2'. with the scales entire. Common in rocky woods. 



4 A. Fra'seri. Double Balsam Fir. Tree small, 15-30f. Bark blistered with reser- 

 voirs of balsam. Lvs. 8-10". Cones oblong 1-2' ; bracts long-pointed, relaxed. 

 Mountains. This and the next are handsome and often cultivated. 



5 A. balsa 'mea. isalsam f. Tree 30-50f. Bark as in No. 4. Lvs. 8-10", obtuse, 

 silvery beneath. Cones 3-4' by 1', cylindrical ; bracts scarcely exserted. 



3. LARIX. Larch. Tamerac. 



I L. America'na. American L. (Fig. 91.) A beautiful tree, 70-100f. Leave- filiform. 



soft, 1-2'. Cones 6-10", dark-purple, the few rounded scales each with 2 Dinged 



seeds. Var. pendula has slender, drooping branches. 

 J L. Europse'a. A large tree with flaitencd leaves, and cones 12-18" long. From Eur. 



4. JUNIP'ERUSl' Juniper. 



Leave? all subulate and in 3s, spreading, jointed to the stem, 1-nerved... No. 1 



Leaves scale-form, opposite, 4-roved, appressed, some of them awl-shaped. . . .2, 3 



i J. coinmu'nis. Common J. (Fig. 7.) Shrub or low tree, often prostrate. Leaves 



crowded, pungent-pointed, 6-8". Fruit small (2"), dark-purple, sweetish. Woods 



nnd mountains. 



2 J. Virginia'na. Red Cedar. Tree 30-40f., dark-green. Early leaves, awl- 

 shaped, 3-4", some spreading ; Inter ones scaleform. Fruit blue-white. Rocky 

 soils. Timber red, durable, used for posts or lead-pencils. 



3 J. aabi'na. A trailing shrub. Fruit larger (3"), nodding, dark-purple. Rocks, N 



ORDER CXXVIII., TAXACE^E, The Yews, is represented 

 ui our flora by the genus Taxus, and species T. Cauadensis, Tew, a low, 

 >r prostrate shrub. (Fig. 801.) 



