102 INHERITANCE IN ANIMALS 



that the table has 1 3 columns, numbered in order from 

 o to 12, and 13 lines, numbered in order in the same way. 

 The result of every first throw of a pair was entered in 

 a column, the number of the column showing the number 

 of dice with more than three points in the result recorded ; 

 those cases, for example, in which only one of the dice in 

 a first throw gave the number of points recorded are 

 entered in the column labelled i,and so on. The number 

 of dice which gave the points we were looking for in the 

 second result of a pair determined the line in which an 

 entry was made. In the table as it is printed, the entries 

 in every square formed by the intersection of a line and 

 a column are added together, and the totals only are 

 given ; thus in the square common to the line labelled 5 

 and the column labelled i the number 3 is entered, showing 

 that there were three pairs of throws in which the first 

 result was that one die gave the number of points sought, 

 while in the second result five dice did so. Looking 

 through column i , we see that a first throw which yielded 

 only one die with more than three points was twice 

 followed by a second throw containing three successful 

 dice, twice by a second throw containing four, and three 

 times by a second throw containing five. 



The sum of all the entries in a column gives the whole 

 number of first results of a particular kind ; so that if you 

 look at the sum of all the entries in the column labelled 

 1 1 , and see that this sum is 1 1 , you know that out of the 

 whole 4,096 first throws, there were 1 1 in which eleven 

 dice showed more than three points. Similarly, the sum 

 of the entries in each line shows you how often a second 

 throw gave a particular result ; in the row labelled i you 

 find 10 entries, showing that out of the 4,096 second 

 results there were ten in which only one die gave more 

 than three points, and by looking at the columns in which 



