ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE 229 



The other results of material history are not (i) local, 

 but either (2) connected, as in the evidence of two 

 different civilizations being contemporary, or (3) allusive, 

 as in the artistic influence of one country upon another. 

 The most complete instance of the connexion of one 

 civilization with another is that of Egypt and Greece. 

 The age of the Ptolemaic connexion has always been 

 well known, and in the last twenty years there have been 

 brought to light the early historic Greek settlements of 

 Naukratis and Daphnae, the great so-called Mykenaean 

 civilization of 1500 B.C. linked with Egypt, the earlier 

 ' middle Minoan ' civilization of Crete contemporary with 

 the twelfth dynasty of Egypt about 250x3 B.C., the ' early* 

 Minoan' age with traces of the pyramid builders of 

 Egypt 4000 B.C., and the neolithic periods of Crete 

 connected with the first dynasty and prehistoric times 

 of Egypt 4500-6000 B. c. l Another instance of connected 

 history is that of Gaul with Greece and Rome. 



The allusive results are those which prove an influence 

 of one country on another by the evidence of artistic 

 taste and of actual patterns and motives of ornament. 

 It is probable that the spiral ornament of the prehistoric 

 age of Europe was imported into Egypt about 3000 B.C. 

 The naturalistic style of Cretan art undoubtedly in- 

 fluenced Egypt largely about 1400 B.C. The Egyptian 

 ideas and motives were reflected in the Mediterranean in 

 the attitudes of Greek sculpture and the insular coinage 

 (Malta, &c.) at 600 B. c. The Assyrian style penetrated 

 largely into the Euxine, and had a share later in the 

 Greek style of that region. It was also carried by 

 Phoenician trade strongly into Etruria and appears 



1 The details of these connexions are given in Methods and Aims in 

 Archaeology i pp. 141-68. 



