The Canadian Horticulturist. 229 



where, but they should never be forced upon the tables of our people ; but if 

 produced and offered, should be at once consigned to the factories and wine 

 vats. Skillful culture and good results should be and must be the motto for 

 each and all of our Canadian vineyardists for the future. Though these remarks 

 are largely confined to the grape vine, they may be very largely applied to the 

 raspberry and other fruits. Should it be desirable, I shall have no objections to 

 give, as far as possible, for the good of others, methods and processes in detail. 

 In the meantime, I do hope for Canadian fruit-growers over this whole country, 

 the highest distinction of the art. 



Arkona, July 20th, i8g2. B. GoTT. 



TREATMENT FOR BLACK KNOT. 



T a recent meeting of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society 

 Professor Maynard said that the black wart should be treated at 

 once upon discovering its presence, by an application of the 

 Bordeaux mixture, and followed up by another application of the 

 same remedy every two weeks, as a new crop of the fungus spores 

 ( Fiotvrightta rnorbosa) will generally mature in that time, and 

 continued until no evidence of fresh spores can be found. If applied in the 

 spring, the eau celeste liquid will destroy these germs, but if they become 

 established the knife will have to be used, and the wounds thus made should be 

 covered with a coat of paste, composed of some ochre or whiting, or any other 

 of the dry, earthy pigments, mixed thoroughly with kerosene to a consistency 

 that can be readily spread with a brush over the exposed surface, without 

 running beyond the limits of the wound. This would protect the surface from 

 atmospheric action, kill the wart, and prevent the development of any fresh 

 spores which might fall upon it. He had visited a plum orchard in Lancaster, 

 which was literally breaking down from the development of black wart. In 

 that case nothing could be done but cut off all the tops. Should a dressing of 

 hen manure and ashes be applied to the land the trees would, in due time, 

 produce new and healthy tops. Allusion was also made to the wild choke 

 cherry as a much neglected propagator or nursery of the black wart. 



Nathaniel T. Kidder called attention to Professor Maynard's remark about 

 the wild cherry trees, which are infected with not only black wart but sundry 

 insect pests. He wished to impress this fact upon the minds of all present, and 

 would like to encourage a war of extermination against the wild cherry because 

 of its availability for the multiplication of these enemies to fruit production. 



Mr. Strong asked about the extent to which cutting out the black wart 

 should be carried. 



Professor Maynard said the diseased portion should be cut out clean. The 

 rootlets (mycelium) penetrate deeply into the wood, and if not all removed the 

 disease continues to extend ; therefore a partial cutting is a waste of time. 



