334 The Canadian Horticulturist. 



the older stems are so frecjuently destroyed by the currant borer, and need 

 frequent renewing. 



The quince also roots very easily from cuttings and it is a j)robleni why the 

 price of quince trees should be kept so high when they are so easily propagated. 

 Perhaps it may be explained by considering what slow growers they are, occupy- 

 ing nursery rows so long before they are suitable for planting in the orchard. 



'i'he pruning of the quince tree is usually sadly neglected, and, in conse- 

 (juence, presents a perfect network of limbs. Such trees cannot bear fine 

 fruit or any quantity of it. They should be thinned annually and the young wood 

 cut back. Cuttings should be of the last season's growth. If taken off close to 

 the old wood, at the shoulder, they will mostly grow, if planted in moderately 

 moist soil, especially if the cutting? have first been callused. The surest method 

 of propagation, however, is by suckers, the growth of which is easily encouraged. 

 These may be pulled off with a portion of the root attached, and m that case 

 can hardly fail to grow. 



Winter Protection. — In Southern Ontario we pay little attention to the 

 laying down of grapes or raspberries, but, much oftener than we think, our short 

 crops of red and black berries and grapes are due to the severe weather of our 

 winters when the thermometer reaches lo or 15 below zero. 



The work of protection is not so great as one might suppose. The vines 

 are easily loosed from the wires and thrown down to the ground, where they are 

 held in place with a shovel of earth. The snow will then cover the wood and 

 protect it. But in some sections, as in Southern Ontario, snow falls are rare 

 and cannot always be depended upon. In such cases a few furrows of the plow 

 in the vineyard will bury the fruit-bearing portion of the vine with earth, and 

 thus be a complete protection to the fruit buds. 



Raspberries will easily bend if their canes have been allowed to grow long 

 but in the case of the stiffer canes of the blackberry, a little digging may be 

 necessary in order that they may be easily bent to the ground. 



Covering strawberry plants with some light, loose material, such as leaves, 

 evergreen boughs, straw, etc, will well repay the owner by the immensely 

 increased yield of fruit the following season. 



Kekimn(; the Cem..\r Cooi. at a temperature a little above freezing point, 

 is the secret of preserving fruit throughout the winter. i-Vw consider the 

 importance of such a condition, and wonder at the early decay of fruit and 

 vegetables which they have stored away. The temperature may easily be 

 regulated by the opening of the windows in the night and closing them during 

 the warm days of the autumn ; and, in winter time, an occasional opening of 

 the windows will, of course, reduce the temperature whenever it is needed. 



" See here, waiter, this pie hasn't any apples in it !" Waiter : " I know it. 

 sah ; it am made of evajjoratcd apples." -Lampoon. 



